Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
2-Iodo-LSD (IOL) is a putatively non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the 2-iodo derivative of LSD.
Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embedded phenethylamine and tryptamine moieties within their ergoline ring system. The simplest lysergamides are ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine (iso-lysergic acid amide; iso-LSA). In terms of pharmacology, the lysergamides include numerous serotonin and dopamine receptor agonists, most notably the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) but also a number of pharmaceutical drugs like ergometrine, methylergometrine, methysergide, and cabergoline. Various analogues of LSD, such as the psychedelics ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, LSZ, and 1P-LSD and the non-hallucinogenic 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148), have also been developed. Ergopeptines like ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and bromocriptine are also lysergamides, but with addition of a small peptide moiety at the amide. Close analogues of lysergamides that are not technically lysergamides themselves include lisuride, terguride, bromerguride, JRT (isotryptamine-LSD), and LSD-Quinoline, among others. Lysergamides were first discovered and described in the 1930s. LSD was first synthesized in 1938 and its psychedelic effects were discovered in 1943. Simplified or partial ergolines and lysergamides, such as NDTDI (8,10-seco-LSD), UCD0120, and N-DEAOP-NMT, are also known.
BOL-148, also known as 2-bromo-LSD or as bromolysergide, is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the lysergamide family related to the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is specifically the 2-bromo derivative of LSD. The drug is a non- or minimally-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist, as well as acting at other targets such as other serotonin receptors and dopamine receptors. The lack of psychedelic effects with BOL-148 is thought to be due to lower-efficacy partial agonism at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor compared to LSD that is insufficient to produce hallucinogenic effects. The drug has been found to produce psychoplastogenic and antidepressant-like effects in animals. BOL-148 was initially developed by Albert Hofmann in the 1950s, as part of the original research from which LSD was also derived. It is now being reinvestigated and is under development for the potential treatment of cluster headaches and other conditions. This is under new developmental code names including BETR-001, TD-0148A, and NYPRG-101.
1P-BOL-148, also known as 1-propionyl-2-bromo-LSD or as SYN-L-017, is an analogue of LSD which acts as a prodrug for 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148). It does not have hallucinogenic effects, but is claimed to be potentially useful for the treatment of cluster headaches, and as an antidepressant.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.