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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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| Other names | 4-OH-DBT; 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dibutyltryptamine |
| Routes of administration | Oral[1] |
| Drug class | Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H28N2O |
| Molar mass | 288.435 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 74 to 75 °C (165 to 167 °F) |
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4-HO-DBT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dibutyltryptamine, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT).[1] It is taken orally.[1]
In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Alexander Shulgin reported that a 20 mg dose of 4-HO-DBT orally produced no effects.[1] However, this compound has subsequently been sold as a "research chemical" and anecdotal reports suggest that at higher doses 4-HO-DBT is indeed an active hallucinogen, although somewhat weaker than other similar tryptamine derivatives.[citation needed]
4-HO-DBT is found either as its crystalline hydrochloride salt or as an oily or crystalline base.
The chemical synthesis of 4-HO-DBT has been described.[1]
Several different isomers of 4-HO-DBT could be made, including 4-HO-DiBT, 4-HO-DsBT, and 4-HO-DtBT, but of these only the isobutyl isomer 4-HO-DiBT was synthesized by Alexander Shulgin (melting point 152 to 154 °C) and was also found to be inactive at a 20 mg dose.[1] The serotonin receptor interactions of these isomers have been studied.[2] 4-HO-DiBT showed 43-fold lower affinity and 4-HO-DsBT 6.5-fold lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor compared to psilocin (4-HO-DMT).[2]
4-HO-DBT was first described in the scientific literature by David Repke and colleagues in 1977.[3] It was subsequently described in further detail by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I have Known and Loved).[1]
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4-HO-DBT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dibutyltryptamine, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is taken orally.
4-HO-DiPT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine or as iprocin, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is taken orally. The drug has an unusually fast onset, short duration, and narrow dose range. Among orally administered psychedelics, it is one of the shortest-acting compounds known. It acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Unlike many other psychedelic tryptamines, the drug appears to have far lower potency as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor relative to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It is a derivative of DiPT, a higher homologue of psilocin (4-HO-DMT) and 4-HO-DET, and a skeletal isomer of 4-HO-DPT. 4-HO-DiPT was first described in the scientific literature by 1977. It was later described in greater detail by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). The drug was encountered as a novel designer drug by 2005. In the 2020s, a prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT known as luvesilocin (RE-104, FT-104; 4-GO-DiPT) was developed and is in clinical trials for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as postpartum depression.
4-HO-DET, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine as well as ethocin or CZ-74, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is taken orally. The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor among others. It produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. 4-HO-DET is closely structurally related to other psychedelic tryptamines such as psilocin, diethyltryptamine (DET), and 4-HO-MET. Ethocybin (4-PO-DET; CEY-19) and 4-AcO-DET are assumed to act as prodrugs of 4-HO-DET. 4-HO-DET was first described in the literature by 1963. It was developed at Sandoz by Albert Hofmann and colleagues. The drug was studied in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy by Hanscarl Leuner and colleagues in the 1960s. Later, it was described further by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). 4-HO-DET was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2005.
4-HO-MiPT, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine or as miprocin, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It appears to be similar to psilocin in terms of onset, duration, and effects. The drug is taken orally. It acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor among others. The drug is closely related structurally to MiPT, 4-HO-DiPT, and psilocin (4-HO-DMT). 4-HO-MiPT was first described in the literature by David Repke and colleagues in 1981. Its effects in humans were subsequently described by Repke and Alexander Shulgin in 1985 and 1997. The drug was first encountered as a novel designer drug by 2010.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.