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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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| 86Box | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Screenshot of 86Box | |
| Developer | Miran Grča (including contributors) |
| Release | 15 August 2016 |
| Stable release | 6.0
/ 31 May 2026 |
| Written in | C, C++ |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS |
| Type | Virtual machine, emulator |
| License | GNU GPL version 2 |
| Website | 86box |
| Repository | github |
86Box is an IBM PC emulator for Windows, Linux and macOS based on PCem that specializes in running old operating systems and software that are designed for IBM PC compatibles. Originally forked from PCem, it later added support for other IBM PC compatible computers as well.
The main goal of 86Box is to emulate various IBM PC compatible systems/motherboards from 1981 until 1999, which includes almost all IBM PC models (including the IBM PS/1 model 2121 and the IBM PS/2 model 2011) and supports IBM PC compatible systems/motherboards.
86Box is capable of emulating Intel processors (and its respective clones, including Advanced Micro Devices, IDT and Cyrix) from Intel 8088 through the Pentium Tillamook MMX/Mobile MMX processors and Pentium Pro/Pentium II processors from 1997 until 1999.[1] A recompiler is mandatory for P5 Pentium and Cyrix processors and optional for i486 processors and IDT WinChip processors.
86Box can emulate different graphic modes, this includes text mode, Hercules, CGA (including some composite modes and the 160 × 100 × 16 tweaked modes), Tandy, EGA, VGA (including Mode X and other tweaks), VESA, as well as various video APIs such as DirectX and 3Dfx's Glide. 86Box can also emulate various video cards such as the ATI Mach64 GX and the S3 Trio32/64/Virge series. Voodoo cards are also emulated with support for Voodoo 1/2/3 and various optimizations. A separate recompiler has been added for Voodoo emulation, making it faster to emulate the Voodoo graphics card.
86Box can emulate some sound cards, such as the AdLib, Sound Blaster (including the Game Blaster), Sound Blaster Pro, Sound Blaster 16, Sound Blaster AWE32, Gravis UltraSound, Innovation SSI-2001, Aztech Sound Galaxy Pro 16, Windows Sound System, Ensoniq AudioPCI 64V/ES1371, and Sound Blaster PCI 128.
86Box also emulates some SCSI cards, such as SCSI cards from BusLogic and Symbios Logic.
Similar to Virtual PC, Bochs and QEMU, 86Box supports almost all versions of Microsoft Windows until Windows 7 (including Service Pack 1); MS-DOS, FreeDOS and CP/M-86 are also supported. Earlier versions of OS/2 requires the hard drive to be formatted prior to installation, while OS/2 Warp 3 until Warp 4.5 requires an unaccelerated video card to run. Other operating systems are also supported on 86Box, such as versions of Linux that support the Pentium processor, BSD derivatives (e.g. FreeBSD), and BeOS 5, which only works on the Award SiS 497 motherboard.
Initially exclusive to Windows, it was ported to Linux in version 3.2[2][3] and macOS in version 3.4.[4]
For easier handling of multiple virtual machines at the same time and the change of its parameters, it is recommended to use 86Box with a GUI manager application. Some of them are 86Box Manager, 86Box Manager Lite and WinBox for 86Box, all available as free software, too. Since version 5.0 86Box includes a built-in VM Manager and is enabled by default.
| PCem | |
|---|---|
 Screenshot of PCem running FreeDOS 1.0 | |
| Original authors | Sarah Walker (Until June 2021) |
| Developer | Michael Manley (including contributors) |
| Release | 15 August 2007 |
| Stable release | 17
/ 1 December 2020 |
| Written in | C, C++ |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows, Linux |
| Type | Virtual machine, emulator |
| License | GNU GPL version 2 |
| Website | pcem-emulator |
| Repository | github |
86Box began as a fork of PCem, another open-source IBM PC emulator.[5] PCem was originally developed by Sarah Walker from 2007 until her retirement from the project in 2021, at which point she named Michael Manley as the new project maintainer.[6][1] Like 86Box, PCem allows users to emulate PC compatibles across a range of x86 processors—from the Intel 8088 to the Pentium II—as well as the ability to emulate sound cards (such as the Sound Blaster 16) and GPUs (including an extremely small number of early 3D accelerators: the S3 ViRGE/325, the S3 ViRGE/DX, the 3DFX Voodoo, and the 3DFX Voodoo2,[7] but no ATI, Nvidia, Matrox, PowerVR, or Rendition chipsets). This versatility allows older PC software with complex hardware requirements to run accurately, in terms of clock speed and multimedia performance, on modern hardware. A benefit of 86Box over mainstream hosted hypervisors such as VirtualBox is the ability to run custom BIOS ROMs[citation needed]. This allows users to closely emulate specific PC compatibles, such as those by Compaq and Asus, among others.[8]
PCem has been used by archivists in academic settings to emulate older software for the purposes of displaying historical digital art.[9] Additionally, both PCem and 86Box have been used by Microsoft to test their archival source code for successful compilation.[10]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
86Box is an IBM PC emulator for Windows, Linux and macOS based on PCem that specializes in running old operating systems and software that are designed for IBM PC compatibles. Originally forked from PCem, it later added support for other IBM PC compatible computers as well.
The Sound Blaster 16 is a series of sound cards by Creative Technology, first released in June 1992 for PCs with an ISA or PCI slot. It was the successor to the Sound Blaster Pro series of sound cards and introduced CD-quality digital audio to the Sound Blaster line. For optional wavetable synthesis, the Sound Blaster 16 also added an expansion-header for add-on MIDI-daughterboards, called a Wave Blaster connector, and a game port for optional connection with external MIDI sound modules. The Sound Blaster 16 retained the Pro's OPL-3 support for FM synthesis, and was mostly compatible with software written for the older Sound Blaster and Sound Blaster Pro sound cards. The SB16's MPU-401 emulation was limited to UART (dumb) mode only, but it was sufficient for most MIDI software. When a daughterboard, such as the Wave Blaster, Roland SCB-7, Roland SCB-55, Yamaha DB50XG, Yamaha DB60XG was installed on the Sound Blaster, the Wave Blaster behaved like a standard MIDI device, accessible to any MPU-401 compatible MIDI software. The Sound Blaster 16 was hugely popular. Creative's audio revenue grew from US$40 million per year to nearly US$1 billion following the launch of the Sound Blaster 16 and related products. Rich Sorkin was General Manager of the global business during this time, responsible for product planning, product management, marketing and OEM sales. Due to its popularity and wide support, the Sound Blaster 16 is emulated in a variety of virtualization and/or emulation programs, such as DOSBox, QEMU, Bochs, VMware, VirtualBox and 86Box, with varying degrees of faithfulness and compatibility.
The Gravis UltraSound or GUS is a sound card for IBM PC compatibles made by Canada-based Advanced Gravis Computer Technology. The Gravis UltraSound was notable at the time of its 1992 launch for providing the IBM PC platform with sample-based music synthesis technology (marketed as "wavetable"), that is the ability to use real-world sound recordings rather than artificial computer-generated waveforms as the basis of a musical instrument. Samples of pianos or trumpets, for example, sound more like their real respective instruments. With up to 32 hardware audio channels, the GUS was notable for MIDI playback quality with a large set of instrument patches that could be stored in its own RAM. The cards were all manufactured on red PCBs, similar to fellow Canadian company ATI. They were only a little more expensive than Creative cards, undercutting many equivalent professional cards aimed at musicians by a huge margin.
The S3 Trio range were popular video cards for personal computers and were S3's first fully integrated graphics accelerators. As the name implies, three previously separate components were now included in the same ASIC: the graphics core, RAMDAC and clock generator. The increased integration allowed a graphics card to be simpler than before and thus cheaper to produce.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.