Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | |
| Category | FIA Formula 4 |
|---|---|
| Country | Germany |
| Region | Europe |
| Inaugural season | 2015 |
| Folded | 2022 |
| Constructors | Tatuus |
| Engine suppliers | Abarth |
| Tyre suppliers | Pirelli |
| Last Drivers' champion |  Andrea Kimi Antonelli |
| Last Teams' champion | Prema Racing |
| Official website | Official website |
ADAC Formula 4 (German: ADAC Formel 4) was a racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations, and promoted by the German automobile club ADAC. The inaugural season was the 2015 ADAC Formula 4. It replaced the ADAC Formel Masters, held from 2008 to 2014. The series was discontinued after the 2022 season. Its final two champions, Oliver Bearman and Kimi Antonelli, went on to race in Formula One.
In 2027, a new series, to be called the F4 German Championship, was established under the organisation of Gedlich Racing.[1][2]
Gerhard Berger and the FIA Single Seater Commission launched the FIA Formula 4 in March 2013.[3] The goal of Formula 4 was to make the ladder to Formula One more transparent. Besides sporting and technical regulations, costs were regulated too. A car to compete in this category could not exceed a price of €30,000. A single season in Formula 4 could not exceed €100,000 in costs. ADAC F4 was one of the second phase Formula 4 championships to be launched. The first phase championships were the Italian F4 Championship and Formula 4 Sudamericana which started in 2014. The ADAC championship was launched by the ADAC on 16 July 2014.[4] Italian race car constructor Tatuus was contracted to design and build all the cars.
After the end of the 2022 season, which was understaffed by drivers, there was a long wait for the publication of a racing calendar for 2023. This, together with the rumors about the takeover of the DTM by the ADAC, which was also carried out on 2 December 2022,[5] gave rise to speculation that the championship would not be continued. On 3 December, ADAC announced that ADAC Formula 4 would no longer be advertised for the 2023 season.[6] The high costs compared to other national Formula 4 championships and the low number of drivers are given as reasons for the end of the championship. Only eleven drivers were registered for the last race at the Nürburgring in mid-October, while a week later a total of 41 drivers started at the last race of the Italian F4 race in Scarperia e San Piero.[7]
Formula 4 is set to return to Germany in 2027 with the F4 German Championship. The series will be FIA-certified once again and will be promoted by Gedlich Racing instead of the ADAC.[1][2]
The championship features Tatuus designed and built cars. The cars are constructed out of carbon fibre and feature a monocoque chassis. The engine is a 1.4L turbo Abarth. This is the same engine as in the Italian F4 Championship.
| Season | Driver | Team | Poles | Wins | Podiums | Fastest laps | Points | % points achievable | Clinched | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 |  Marvin Dienst
|
HTP Junior Team
|
7 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 347 | 57.833 | Race 22 of 24 | 48 |
| 2016 |  Joey Mawson
|
 Van Amersfoort Racing
|
7 | 10 | 16 | 5 | 374 | 63.660 | Race 22 of 24 | 52 |
| 2017 |  Jüri Vips
|
Prema Powerteam
|
0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 245.5 | 47.902 | Race 21 of 21 | 4.5 |
| 2018 | Lirim Zendeli
|
US Racing– CHRS
|
8 | 10 | 13 | 8 | 348 | 66.286 | Race 18 of 21 | 114 |
| 2019 |  Théo Pourchaire
|
US Racing– CHRS
|
6 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 258 | 49.143 | Race 21 of 21 | 7 |
| 2020 |  Jonny Edgar
|
Van Amersfoort Racing
|
5 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 300 | 57.142 | Race 21 of 21 | 2 |
| 2021 | Oliver Bearman
|
Van Amersfoort Racing
|
5 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 295 | 65.556 | Race 18 of 18 | 26 |
| 2022 | Andrea Kimi Antonelli
|
Prema Powerteam
|
7 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 313 | 83.466 | Race 17 of 18 | 47 |
| Season | Team | Poles | Wins | Podiums | Fastest laps | Points | Clinched | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Prema Powerteam
|
4 | 4 | 17 | 3 | 459.5 | Race 24 of 24 | 4.5 |
| 2017 | Prema Powerteam
|
2 | 5 | 20 | 2 | 597.5 | Race 18 of 21 | 171 |
| 2018 | US Racing– CHRS
|
8 | 11 | 19 | 11 | 562 | Race 21 of 21 | 41 |
| 2019 | US Racing– CHRS
|
7 | 7 | 27 | 7 | 528 | Race 20 of 21 | 41 |
| 2020 | Van Amersfoort Racing
|
9 | 11 | 27 | 11 | 651 | Race 20 of 21 | 41 |
| 2021 | Van Amersfoort Racing
|
5 | 8 | 22 | 5 | 295 | Race 21 of 21 | 26 |
| 2022 | Prema Powerteam
|
9 | 12 | 34 | 13 | 594 | Race 21 of 21 | 63 |
The result of the championship was decided by different standings. Wins and points of the rookie standings are present in brackets.
| Season | Driver | Team | Poles | Wins (rookie) | Podiums | Fastest laps | Points (rookie) | Clinched | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | David Beckmann
|
ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg
|
0 | 1 (10) | 4 | 1 | 166 (396) | Race 22 of 24 | 69 |
| 2016 |  Nicklas Nielsen
|
 Neuhauser Racing
|
0 | 0 (6) | 3 | 1 | 106 (317) | Race 24 of 24 | 14 |
| 2017 | Mick Wishofer
|
Lechner Racing
|
0 | 0 (11) | 0 | 0 | 1 (383.5) | Race 19 of 21 | 72.5 |
| 2018 | David Schumacher
|
US Racing– CHRS
|
0 | 0 (8) | 0 | 0 | 103 (332) | Race 20 of 21 | 31 |
| 2019 |  Roman Staněk
|
US Racing– CHRS
|
0 | 2 (10) | 5 | 2 | 165 (412) | Race 18 of 21 | 89 |
| 2020 | Tim Tramnitz
|
US Racing
|
0 | 1 (8) | 6 | 0 | 226 (386) | Race 18 of 21 | 93 |
| 2021 |  Nikita Bedrin
|
Van Amersfoort Racing
|
0 | 2(11) | 5 | 0 | 147 (362) | Race 21 of 21 | 23 |
| 2022 |  Rafael Câmara
|
Prema Powerteam
|
2 | 1(11) | 9 | 2 | 193 (285) | Race 18 of 18 | 16 |
| Driver | ADAC Formula 4 | Formula One | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seasons | Races | Wins | Podiums | Seasons | First team | Races | Wins | Podiums | |
| Kimi Antonelli
|
2022 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 2025–2026 | Mercedes | 41 | 8 | 17 |
| Oliver Bearman
|
2020–2021 | 39 | 7 | 14 | 2024–2026 | Ferrari | 44 | 0 | 0 |
| Jack Doohan
|
2018 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2024–2025 | Alpine | 7 | 0 | 0 |
 Liam Lawson
|
2018 | 20 | 3 | 9 | 2023–2026 | AlphaTauri | 52 | 0 | 0 |
| Lando Norris
|
2015 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 2019–2026 | McLaren | 168 | 13 | 49 |
| Mick Schumacher
|
2015–2016 | 46 | 6 | 14 | 2021–2022 | Haas | 43 | 0 | 0 |
 Guanyu Zhou
|
2015 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 2022–2024 | Alfa Romeo | 68 | 0 | 0 |
| Number | Circuits | Rounds | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hockenheimring
|
12[a] | 2015–2022 |
| 2 | Nürburgring
|
10[b] | 2015–2022 |
| 3 | Motorsport Arena Oschersleben
|
9[c] | 2015–2020 |
| 4 | Red Bull Ring
|
7 | 2015–2021 |
| Lausitzring
|
7[d] | 2015–2018, 2020, 2022 | |
| 6 | Sachsenring
|
5 | 2015–2017, 2019, 2021 |
| 7 | Circuit Park Zandvoort
|
4 | 2016, 2019, 2021–2022 |
| 8 |  Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps
|
2 | 2015, 2022 |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The ADAC, officially the Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club (lit. 'General German Automobile Club'), is Europe's largest automobile association. The ADAC is the largest Verein (club) in Germany, with around 21 million members. Its headquarters are located in Munich. Its original and most well-known service is roadside assistance. The objective of the ADAC is "the representation, promotion, and advocacy of motoring, motorsport, and tourism interests." The ADAC also owns insurance and publishing subsidiaries. More than 25 subsidiaries operate under ADAC SE (former ADAC Beteiligungs- und Wirtschaftsdienst GmbH), which assumes the holding function. ADAC Luftrettung (lit. 'ADAC Air Rescue') operates the largest fleet of ambulance helicopters in Germany. The ADAC had total revenues of €911 million and an annual profit of €25 million in 2012. The subsidiaries grouped together in ADAC Beteiligungs- und Wirtschaftsdienst GmbH generated total revenues of €1.03 billion in 2012, with a profit of €84.9 million.
ADAC Laboratories was a Silicon Valley medical device company specialising in nuclear medicine gamma camera manufacturing and associated nuclear medicine processing computers and software. It was originally located at 10300 Bubb Road, Cupertino, California, 95014, then as the company expanded moved in turn to the following locations. 4747 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 951, then 255 San Geronimo Way, Sunnyvale, CA, then from ~1993, 540 Alder Drive Milpitas, CA 95035. Although most people called the company ADAC or adaclabs, the name ADAC was an acronym of Analytical Development Associates Corporation. It was incorporated in California on October 14, 1970. In the early years ADAC developed both small nuclear medicine related hardware and software products but between 1975 and the 1980s, become better known for their computer systems such as the CDS and DPS acquisition and processing systems. In 1987–88 ADAC maintained Philips ARC gamma camera installed base under licence and In ~1991 Philips exited the nuclear medicine market. At that time, the Dutch vendor licensed its nuclear technology to both ADAC and Digital Design of France". The 1990s were the dominant decade for ADAC in terms of gamma camera production, manufacturing the Argus, Genesys, Polaris, Thyrus, Transcam, Vertex, Forte and Skylight gamma cameras as well as the EPIC detector and molecular coincidence detection (MCD) option, along with the Pegasys nuclear medicine processing workstation and radiation treatment planning systems (RTP). In 1993 it was sued by Elscint for patent infringement and in 1994 purchased Philips' nuclear medicine patent portfolio, consisting of 13 U.S. patents and 56 foreign patents and patent applications. "ADAC announced it had filed a patent infringement claim against Elscint in U.S. District Court in San Jose, California, charging Elscint with violating the Philips patents. ADAC filed the lawsuit in direct response to the Elscint litigation". In 1996, ADAC was the recipient of a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and during that year employed 720 people worldwide. ADAC Laboratories was acquired by Philips in 2000 for $426 million, and incorporated into Philips Medical Systems (later Philips Healthcare). ADAC continued to operate from the Milpitas location until around 2006 and was submitting FDA pre-market filings under the company name ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas, until 2006, whereupon the 540 Alder Drive, Milpitas operation was closed and ADAC become fully integrated into the Philips organisation.
ADAC Formula 4 (German: ADAC Formel 4) was a racing series regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations, and promoted by the German automobile club ADAC. The inaugural season was the 2015 ADAC Formula 4. It replaced the ADAC Formel Masters, held from 2008 to 2014. The series was discontinued after the 2022 season. Its final two champions, Oliver Bearman and Kimi Antonelli, went on to race in Formula One. In 2027, a new series, to be called the F4 German Championship, was established under the organisation of Gedlich Racing.
ADAC Motorwelt (German: ADAC Motoring) is an automobile and travel magazine published in Munich, Germany. It is a member-magazine of ADAC (Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V.) and due to 21,4 millions ADAC-members it was over decades one of the magazines in Germany with the highest circulation.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker