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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2019 |
| Designed by | ARM Holdings |
| Max. CPU clock rate | to 3.35 GHz |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 128 KiB (64 KiB I-cache with parity, 64 KiB D-cache) per core |
| L2 cache | 256–512 KiB |
| L3 cache | 1–4 MiB |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Microarchitecture | ARM Cortex-A77 |
| Instruction set | ARMv8-A |
| Extensions | |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Product code name |
|
| History | |
| Predecessor | ARM Cortex-A76 |
| Successor | ARM Cortex-A78 |
The ARM Cortex-A77 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Austin design centre.[1] Released in 2019, ARM claimed an increase of 23% and 35% in integer and floating point performance and 15% higher memory bandwidth over its predecessor, the A76.[1]
The Cortex-A77 serves as the successor of the Cortex-A76. The Cortex-A77 is a 4-wide decode out-of-order superscalar design with a new 1.5K macro-OP (MOPs) cache. It can fetch 4 instructions and 6 Mops per cycle. And rename and dispatch 6 Mops, and 13 μops per cycle. The out-of-order window size has been increased to 160 entries. The backend is 12 execution ports with a 50% increase over Cortex-A76. It has a pipeline depth of 13 stages and the execution latencies of 10 stages.[1][2]
There are six pipelines in the integer cluster – an increase of two additional integer pipelines from Cortex-A76. One of the changes from Cortex-A76 is the unification of the issue queues. Previously each pipeline had its own issue queue. On Cortex-A77, there is now a single unified issue queue which improves efficiency. Cortex-A77 added a new fourth general math ALU with a typical 1-cycle simple math operations and some 2-cycle more complex operations. In total, there are three simple ALUs that perform arithmetic and logical data processing operations and a fourth port which has support for complex arithmetic (e.g. MAC, DIV). Cortex-A77 also added a second branch ALU, doubling the throughput for branches.
There are two ASIMD/FP execution pipelines. This is unchanged from Cortex-A76. What did change is the issue queues. As with the integer cluster, the ASIMD cluster now features a unified issue queue for both pipelines, improving efficiency. As with Cortex-A76, the ASIMD on Cortex-A77 are both 128-bit wide capable of 2 double-precision operations, 4 single-precision, 8 half-precision, or 16 8-bit integer operations. Those pipelines can also execute the cryptographic instructions if the extension is supported (not offered by default and requires an additional license from Arm). Cortex-A77 added a second AES unit in order to improve the throughput of cryptography operations.[3]
Larger ROB, Up to 160-entry, up from 128, Add New L0 MOP cache, can up to 1536-entry.[4]
The core supports unprivileged 32-bit applications, but privileged applications must utilize the 64-bit ARMv8-A ISA. It also supports Load acquire (LDAPR) instructions (ARMv8.3-A), Dot Product instructions (ARMv8.4-A), and PSTATE Speculative Store Bypass Safe (SSBS) bit instructions (ARMv8.5-A).
The Cortex-A77 supports ARM's DynamIQ technology, and is expected to be used as high-performance cores in combination with Cortex-A55 power-efficient cores.[1]
The Cortex-A77 is available as SIP core to licensees, and its design makes it suitable for integration with other SIP cores (e.g. GPU, display controller, DSP, image processor, etc.) into one die constituting a system on a chip (SoC).
The Samsung Exynos 980 was introduced in September 2019[7][8] as the first SoC to use the Cortex-A77 microarchitecture.[9] This was later followed by a lower-end variant Exynos 880 in May 2020.[10] The MediaTek Dimensity 1000, 1000L and 1000+ SoCs also utilizes the Cortex-A77 microarchitecture.[11] Derivatives by the names of Kryo 585, Kryo 570 and Kryo 560, are used in the Snapdragon 865, 750G, and 690 respectively.[12][13][14] HiSilicon uses the Cortex-A77 at two different frequencies in their Kirin 9000 series.[15][16]
Both its predecessor (Cortex-A76) and its successor (Cortex-A78) had automotive variants with Split-Lock capability, the Cortex-A76AE and Cortex-A78AE, but the Cortex-A77 did not, thus not finding its way into security critical applications.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The ARM Cortex-A77 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings' Austin design centre. Released in 2019, ARM claimed an increase of 23% and 35% in integer and floating point performance and 15% higher memory bandwidth over its predecessor, the A76.
The ARM Cortex-A76 is a central processing unit (CPU) core implementing the 64-bit ARMv8.2-A architecture, designed by Arm Holdings' design center in Austin, Texas. Compared to its predecessor, the Cortex-A75, ARM claimed performance improvements of up to 25% in integer operations and 35% in floating-point operations.
The ARM Cortex-A is a family of ARM architecture processor cores developed by Arm Holdings. Designed for application-level computing, Cortex-A cores are widely used in devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and embedded systems. Cortex-A processors include both 32-bit and 64-bit designs. Most 32-bit cores implement the ARMv7-A architecture profile. All 64-bit Cortex-A cores implement the ARMv8-A profile, which supports both 64-bit and, in some cases, 32-bit execution. The Cortex-A series is distinct from Arm's Cortex-R and Cortex-M families, which are optimized for real-time and low-power applications, respectively. Unlike the other two families, the Cortex-A series supports a memory management unit (MMU) required by many modern operating systems. In 2025, Arm introduced the C-series naming scheme to succeed the Cortex-A and Cortex-X branding for application processors. The C-series cores continue the architectural lineage of the Cortex-A family, beginning with the C1 generation.
The ARM Cortex-A78 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Ltd.'s Austin centre.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
