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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Hasan Abdal
حسَن ابدال | |
|---|---|
 The Gurdwara Panja Sahib in the city centre of Hasan Abdal | |
  Hasan Abdal Location within Punjab, Pakistan  Hasan Abdal Location within Pakistan | |
| Coordinates: 33°49′10″N 72°41′20″E / 33.819487°N 72.689026°E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province | Punjab |
| District | Attock District |
| Tehsil | Hasan Abdal Tehsil |
| Elevation | 308 m (1,010 ft) |
| Population (2023) | |
• Total | 69,529 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| Calling code | 057 |
Hasan Abdal (Punjabi and Urdu: حسَن ابدال) is a city in the Attock District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Located 40 km northwest of the national capital, Islamabad, Hassan Abdal is the headquarters of Hasan Abdal Tehsil (sub-district).
Hasan Abdal is home of the Gurdwara Panja Sahib,[1][2] a sacred site in Sikhism, and an important pilgrimage destination for Sikhs. The town also contains several monuments dating to the reign of Akbar, including the Mughal Gardens, Tomb of the Hakims, and the Tomb of Lala Rukh.[1] Hasan Abdal is near to the city of Taxila – a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its ancient Gandharan ruins.
Hasan Abdal is located near boundary of northern Punjab with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and was the location from which Mughal war expeditions were sent to the northwestern frontier.[3] In modern times, Hasan Abdal lies at the intersection of the Karakoram Highway and the M1 Motorway. As part of the multibillion-dollar China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the Hasan Abdal area is planned to serve as the terminus for CPEC's Western Alignment,[4] while the Hakla–Dera Ismail Khan Motorway will commence at Hasan Abdal.
The famous Chinese traveler Xuanzang who visited the place in the 7th century A.D. mentions the sacred spring of Elapatra about 70 li to the northwest of Taxila which has been identified as the spring at Gurdwara Panja Sahib.[5] The town is mentioned in Ain-i-Akbari in the context that Shams al-Din built himself a vault there in which Hakim Abu’l Fath lies buried. Akbar’s visit to the town on his way back from Kashmir is also mentioned.
The origin of the name Hasan Abdal is attributed to two men, a Gujjar named Hasan and a Faqir named Abdal, according to the folk history. Abdal requested some milk from the Gujjar, who had many buffaloes. As Hasan did so freely, Abdal expressed his gratitude and asked what he could do for him, on which Hasan replied that they were much strained for water. Abdal then struck the neighbouring hills in two places from which sprang the two streams of Hasan Abdal.[6]
In 1521, the founder of the Sikh faith, Guru Nanak, arrived in Hasan Abdal. A Gurdwara called Panja Sahib was built on the spot that he stayed at, containing a sacred rock that is believed to contain the hand print of Guru Nanak. Punja or panja (Punjabi: پنجہ (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾ (Gurmukhi)):hand or paw.[2] Twice a year, Sikh pilgrims visit this Gurdwara from all over the world.[1]
William Finch who travelled through India between 1608 and 1611 described Hasan Abdal to be a "pleasant town with a small river and many fair tanks in which are many fishes with golden rings in their noses ...; the water so clear that you may see a penny in the bottom".[5]
The town was the seat for Mughal warring expeditions to the empire's northwest frontier.[3] The Mughal emperor Jahangir mentions the town in his Tuzk-e-Jahangiri by the name of Baba Hasan Abdal where he stayed for three days. He also praised the city in these words: "The celebrated place at this station is a spring which flows from the foot of a little hill, exceedingly clear, sweet and nice...".[5] Hasan Abdal was visited by various Mughal kings on their way to Kashmir.[1]
Raja Man Singh built the nearby Wah Gardens during the reign of Akbar. The terraced gardens were divided into four parts.[7] Shah Jahan rested at the gardens on his four expeditions to Kabul. Emperor Aurangzeb stayed at the town for over a year beginning in 1674,[8][9] in order to quell the "Afridi Revolt".[3] The presence of Emperor Aurangzeb at the gardens convinced many local Pashtun tribes to abandon the rebellion, and join forces with the Mughals.[3]
During British rule, the railway station at Hasan Abdal was built which linked areas to the north and west with the Punjab[10] For areas where the railway lines ended, the tonga was available.[11]
Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 16,721 | — |
| 1981 | 27,132 | +62.3% |
| 1998 | 37,976 | +40.0% |
| 2017 | 63,218 | +66.5% |
| 2023 | 69,529 | +10.0% |
| Source:[12] | ||
According to official 2023 census results, the population of Hasan Abdal city is 69,529.
Religions
The partition of India and Pakistan significantly changed the demographic composition of Pakistani cities with the vast majority of Hindus and Sikhs having to leave Pakistan and vice versa for Muslims in India.[6] The 2023 Pakistani Census however showed that while still overwhelmingly Muslim at 97.5%, there is now a re-established Sikh community in the holy city their founder Guru Nanak once stayed at. The city of Hasan Abdal has small Christian and Sikh communities comprising 1.31% (numbering 907) and 1.04% (722 people) of the population, respectively.[14]
in the 2023 census Hasan Abdal City exhibited a predominantly Punjabi speaking population, forming 59.13% of the residents. Pashto is the second-largest language group at 22.06%, followed by Hindko at 8.45%, Urdu at 6.88% and Sindhi at 1.25%, with an additional 2.23% constituted by other languages (Mostly Kashmiri and Kohistani).[15]
Hasan Abdal is located near the intersection of the Karakoram Highway heading northwest, and the M1 Motorway that connects Hassan Abdal to points northwest and southeast. As part of the multibillion-dollar China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the Karakoram Highway will be rebuilt, while the Hasan Abdal area will serve as the terminus for CPEC's Western Alignment.[4] From the nearby village of Hakla, the Hakla–Dera Ismail Khan Motorway will run southwest out of the city and link Hassan Abdal to Dera Ismail Khan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
The city has several state-owned primary schools, a high school each for boys and girls, a higher secondary school each for boys and girls and a degree college for women. There are a number of privately run schools to make up for the shortfall of the state-owned ones. These include Trends School, and Presentation Convent High School, the latter of which was established in 1956.
Cadet College Hasan Abdal is the first Cadet College in Pakistan and was established by the government of Punjab at the initiative of General Muhammad Ayub Khan, the then Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army, originally to serve as a feeder institution to the Services Academies. For this purpose, Military Wings were started in 1952 in Government College, Sahiwal, and Islamia College, Peshawar. On the completion of buildings at the present location, the Military Wings were shifted to Hasan Abdal and the Cadet College started functioning as Punjab Cadet College in April 1954. In 1960, the government constituted a Board of Governors to exercise administrative control over the college. Hugh Catchpole (1907-1997) was the founder Principal of the College. According to his will, he was buried at Cadet College Hasan Abdal. He served at Cadet College Hasan Abdal for 4 years, then he joined PAF Public School Sargodha as the founder principal.
The college is located on the Rawalpindi/Peshawar road about 29 miles (48 km) from Rawalpindi/Islamabad, in natural surroundings near the junction of the National Highway and Grand Trunk Road.
Surrounded by the fresh-water springs with crystal clear water and Loquat orchards, the city used to be an idyllic place till recent past. Its beauty, as mentioned in the earliest accounts,[5] has somehow survived the ill-planning that has resulted in an exponential increase in its population.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Abdāl (Arabic: أبدال) lit: substitutes, but which can also mean "generous" [karīm] and "noble" [sharīf]) is a term used in Islamic metaphysics and Islamic mysticism, both Sunni and Shiite, to refer to a particularly important group of God's saints. In the tradition of Sunni Islam in particular, the concept attained an especially important position in the writings of the Sunni mystics and theologians, whence it appears in the works of Sunni authorities as diverse as Abu Talib al-Makki (d. 956), Ali Hujwiri (d. 1072), Ibn Asakir (d. 1076), Khwaja Abdullah Ansari (d. 1088), Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), and Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406). It is a rank of forty saints, but more often the larger group of 356 saints in Sufi hagiography. In this theology it is said that they are only known to and appointed by Allah, and it is through their operations that the world continues to exist. The term over time has come to include a greater hierarchy of saints, all of different rank and prestige.
Hasan Abdal (Punjabi and Urdu: حسَن ابدال) is a city in the Attock District of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Located 40 km northwest of the national capital, Islamabad, Hassan Abdal is the headquarters of Hasan Abdal Tehsil (sub-district). Hasan Abdal is home of the Gurdwara Panja Sahib, a sacred site in Sikhism, and an important pilgrimage destination for Sikhs. The town also contains several monuments dating to the reign of Akbar, including the Mughal Gardens, Tomb of the Hakims, and the Tomb of Lala Rukh. Hasan Abdal is near to the city of Taxila – a UNESCO World Heritage Site famous for its ancient Gandharan ruins.
Pir Sultan Abdal was a prominent Turkish poet and an important religious figure in Alevism of Turkmen origin, who is thought to have been born in the village of Banaz in present-day Sivas Province, Turkey. He is considered legendary among his followers. His life is reconstructed from folkloric sources, especially religious poems which are believed to have been composed by himself and transmitted by ashiks. During the Ottoman–Persian Wars, he supported religious heterodoxy and the political subversion of Anatolia, and suffered execution by hanging as a consequence.
Kaygusuz Abdal (1341–1444) was a Turkish folk poet of the 14th century. In terms of religion, he was a dervish and completed his Islamic pilgrimage, afterwards visiting many populated areas across Western Asia and the Balkans.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.
