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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Butyl acetates (also acetic acid butyl esters) are organic chemical compounds and comprise a group of four saturated carboxylic acid esters exhibiting structural isomerism. They are the esters formed from acetic acid and the four isomeric butanols. They share the molecular formula C6H12O2 and have a molar mass of 116.16 g/mol. sec-Butyl acetate is also chiral and exists as two enantiomeric forms. Consequently, a total of five isomers are possible. Butyl acetates occur naturally, for example in fruits, and are widely used industrially as solvents and flavorings.
| Butyl acetates | ||||
| Name | Acetic acid n-butyl ester | Acetic acid isobutyl ester | Acetic acid sec-butyl ester | Acetic acid tert-butyl ester |
| Other names | n-butyl acetate | isobutyl acetate | sec-butyl acetate (RS)-acetic acid sec-butyl ester | tert-butyl acetate |
| Structural formula |  |
 |
 (chiral) |
|
| CAS number | Q411073 | Q420657 | Q421143 | Q285657 |
| PubChem | CID 31272 from PubChem | CID 8038 from PubChem | CID 7758 from PubChem | CID 10908 from PubChem |
| State | liquid | |||
| Melting point | -77 °C[1] | -98.9 °C[2] | -99 °C[3] | |
| Boiling point | 127 °C[1] | 118 °C[2] | 112 °C[3] | 97 °C[4] |
n-Butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate occur as flavor constituents in numerous fruits. In cultivated apple,[5] pears,[6] bananas,[7] plum[8], melon[9], and papaya[10], for example, both compounds are present.
n-Butyl acetate and sec-butyl acetate are among the most important solvents used in coating processes,[11] while isobutyl acetate is employed to a lesser extent in this field.[12] n-Butyl acetate is one of the most important solvents for nail polish; isobutyl acetate is occasionally used for this purpose as well.[13] Three butyl acetates are used as flavoring agents and are generally authorized for use in food within the European Union: n-butyl acetate is approved under FL number 09.004,[14] isobutyl acetate under number 09.005,[15] and sec-butyl acetate under number 09.323.[16]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Butyl acetates (also acetic acid butyl esters) are organic chemical compounds and comprise a group of four saturated carboxylic acid esters exhibiting structural isomerism. They are the esters formed from acetic acid and the four isomeric butanols. They share the molecular formula C6H12O2 and have a molar mass of 116.16 g/mol. sec-Butyl acetate is also chiral and exists as two enantiomeric forms. Consequently, a total of five isomers are possible. Butyl acetates occur naturally, for example in fruits, and are widely used industrially as solvents and flavorings.
Various tetradecadienyl acetate compounds serve as insect mating pheromones especially among the Pyralidae. These include: (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate — Prionoxystus robiniaea mating attractant (E,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate — Accosus centerensis mating attractant (Z,E)-4,8-tetradecadienyl acetate — Borkhausenia schefferella mating attractant (Z,Z)-7,11-tetradecadienyl acetate — Conistra vaccinii mating attractant (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (abbr. Z9,E11-14:Ac) — Spodoptera littoralis and S. litura mating attractant and mating inhibitor. Female pheromone, lures males. Used by McVeigh and Bettany 1986 and Downham et al., 1995 over the course of three years in a 99:1 with (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate. Although they achieved good mating disruption this did not result in lower egg mass or population. The results of Campion et al., 1980 suggest that may be due to the need for other, minor female volatiles. Martinez et al., 1993 study control of its synthesis in S. littoralis by hormones, finding that the reduction step may be controlled by pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide. (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate — Plodia interpunctella mating inhibitor (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (abbr. Z9,E12-14:Ac) — In 2006 the United States Environmental Protection Agency granted an exemption to permit use without regard to the residue on resulting food. This is thought to be the first registration for indoor use in the United States of any sex pheromone to disrupt mating. Produced by species: Adoxophyes fasciata synergistic attractant Anagasta kuehniella mating attractant produced by both male and female Cadra cautella female-produced mating attractant and mating inhibitor (found by Kuwahara et al., 1971) C. figulilella female-produced mating attractant Elasmopalpus lignosellus mating disruptor Ephestia elutella mating attractant Plodia interpunctella (also by Kuwahara 1971)
An acetate disc (also known as a lacquer, test acetate, dubplate, or transcription disc) is a type of phonograph record generally used from the 1930s to the late 1950s for recording and broadcast purposes. Lacquer-coated discs are used for the production of records. Unlike ordinary vinyl records, which are quickly formed from lumps of plastic by a mass-production molding process, a lacquer master or acetate (instantaneous record) is created by using a recording lathe to cut an audio-signal-modulated groove into its surface – a sequential operation requiring expensive, delicate equipment and expert skill for good results. In addition to their use in the creation of masters, lacquers were widely used for many purposes before magnetic tape recorders became common, and in the modern era they are used by dance music DJs. They were used in radio broadcasting to archive live broadcasts, pre-record local programming, delay network feeds for broadcast at a later time, and provide programming "from home" on the Armed Forces Radio Network. They were used extensively in Jamaica by sound system operators in the late 1940s and 1950s. Acetates were often used as "demos" of new recordings by artists and record labels. Some acetates are highly prized for their rarity, especially when they contain unpublished material.
Isopropenyl acetate is an organic compound, which is the acetate ester of the enol tautomer of acetone. This colorless liquid is significant commercially as the principal precursor to acetylacetone. In organic synthesis, it is used to prepare enol acetates of ketones and acetonides from diols.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
