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Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) was an Asian standard of advanced high-definition technology originally developed by Amlogic, for high-definition video. The format supported 720p, 1080i, or 1080p video on version 1 discs. Version 2 of the format added high-resolution beyond the standard fare of HD for use on non-TV monitors that support higher resolutions, up to 1080p.
A modified MPEG-2 MP@HL video-codec was used and the format supported audio encoded in Dolby AC3, DTS, Dolby Digital EX, DTS ES, and Prologic 2 audio formats.
All HVDs used standard DVD discs. While the format was referred to as the HVD acronym, it had no relation to the Holographic Versatile Disc format that came among later and utilised the same acronym. There were only a few DVD players which supported this format. Nero Showtime, Media Player Classic, PowerDVD, VLC media player, and Kodi are the few known software packages to handle the format as the MPEG2 files are non-standard. Unlike the successful VCD, the format had little acceptance even in Asia and the discs are now not found anywhere.
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High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) was an Asian standard of advanced high-definition technology originally developed by Amlogic, for high-definition video. The format supported 720p, 1080i, or 1080p video on version 1 discs. Version 2 of the format added high-resolution beyond the standard fare of HD for use on non-TV monitors that support higher resolutions, up to 1080p. A modified MPEG-2 MP@HL video-codec was used and the format supported audio encoded in Dolby AC3, DTS, Dolby Digital EX, DTS ES, and Prologic 2 audio formats. All HVDs used standard DVD discs. While the format was referred to as the HVD acronym, it had no relation to the Holographic Versatile Disc format that came among later and utilised the same acronym. There were only a few DVD players which supported this format. Nero Showtime, Media Player Classic, PowerDVD, VLC media player, and Kodi are the few known software packages to handle the format as the MPEG2 files are non-standard. Unlike the successful VCD, the format had little acceptance even in Asia and the discs are now not found anywhere.
Audio Video Coding Standard (AVS) refers to the digital audio and digital video series compression standard formulated by the Audio and Video coding standard workgroup of China. Work began in 2002, and three generations of standards were published. The first generation AVS standard includes "Information Technology, Advanced Audio Video Coding, Part 2: Video" (AVS1) and "Information Technology, Advanced Audio Video Coding Part 16: Radio Television Video" (AVS+.) For the second generation, referred to as AVS2, the primary application target was ultra-high-definition television video, supporting the efficient compression of ultra-high-resolution (4K and above), high-dynamic-range videos, and was published as IEEE international standard IEEE 1857.4. An industry alliance was established to develop and promote AVS standards. A patent pool charges a small royalty for terminal products (like TVs,) excluding content providers and operators. The AVS3 codec was added to DVB's media delivery toolbox.
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), also known as H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2, is a patent-encumbered video compression standard designed as part of the MPEG-H project as a successor to the widely used Advanced Video Coding (AVC, H.264, or MPEG-4 Part 10). The standard was published in 2013. In comparison to AVC, HEVC can be used to achieve from 25% to 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality, or substantially improved video quality at the same bit rate. For example, standard 4K video capture at 30 frames per second typically requires a target bitrate of approximately 50 Mbps using HEVC, requiring roughly 22.5 GB of storage volume per hour, compared to the 100 Mbps and 45 GB per hour required by older H.264 profiles. It supports resolutions up to 8192×4320, including 8K UHD, and unlike the primarily eight-bit AVC, HEVC's higher-fidelity Main 10 profile has been incorporated into nearly all supporting hardware. The High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) is a container format whose default codec is HEVC. While AVC uses the integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) with 4×4 and 8×8 block sizes, HEVC uses both integer DCT and discrete sine transform (DST) with varied block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32.
Advanced Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding. It is by far the most commonly used format for the recording, compression, and distribution of video content, used by 79% of video industry developers as of December 2024. It supports a maximum resolution of 8K UHD. H.264 was standardized by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) of Study Group 16 together with the ISO/IEC JTC 1 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The project partnership effort is known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC standard (formally, ISO/IEC 14496-10 – MPEG-4 Part 10, Advanced Video Coding) are jointly maintained so that they have identical technical content. The final drafting work on the first version of the standard was completed in May 2003, and various extensions of its capabilities have been added in subsequent editions. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), a.k.a. H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2 is a successor to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC developed by the same organizations, while earlier standards are still in common use. H.264 is perhaps best known as being the most commonly used video encoding format on Blu-ray Discs. It has also been widely used by streaming Internet sources, such as videos from Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Vimeo, YouTube (more recently transitioning to VP9 and AV1) and the iTunes Store, Web software such as the Adobe Flash Player and Microsoft Silverlight, and also various HDTV broadcasts over terrestrial (ATSC, ISDB-T, DVB-T or DVB-T2), cable (DVB-C), and satellite (DVB-S and DVB-S2) systems. H.264 is restricted by patents owned by various parties. A license covering most (but not all) patents essential to H.264 is administered by a patent pool formerly administered by MPEG LA. Via Licensing Corp acquired MPEG LA in April 2023 and formed a new patent pool administration company called Via Licensing Alliance. The commercial use of patented H.264 technologies requires the payment of royalties to Via and other patent owners. MPEG LA has allowed the free use of H.264 technologies for streaming Internet video that is free to end users, and Cisco paid royalties to MPEG LA on behalf of the users of binaries for its open source H.264 encoder openH264.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.