Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | This article contains promotional content. (September 2011) |
| Bitstream Panorama | |
|---|---|
 Bitstream Panorama composes text in all worldwide languages, which includes various complex scripting languages such as, Arabic, Indian, and Hebrew. | |
| Developer | Bitstream Inc. |
| Release | June 2004 |
| Stable release | 6.0
/ May 10, 2011 |
| Type | Layout Engine |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | bitstream |
Panorama is a line layout and text composition engine to render text in various worldwide languages made by Bitstream Inc. Panorama uses Font Fusion as the base to support rendering of the text. The engine allows the user to manage different text formatting aspects like spacing, alignment, style effects (bold, embossed, outline, drop shadows etc.).
Panorama provides support for OpenType font tables leading to automatic character substitution for ligatures, swashes, scientific figures, etc. Panorama supports three anti-aliasing modes – monochrome, grayscale, and LCD optimized (Horizontal and Vertical).[1]
Panorama has undergone several changes since its initial release as well as numerous additions of APIs to the core engine.
| Major version | Minor version | Release date | Significant changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Version 1 | 1.0 | June 22, 2004 | Initial release. |
| Version 2 | 2.0 | June 20, 2005 | New Shaping engine for complex language scripts. Support for bi-directional and mixed-directional text. Standard character set encoding supported (UTF-8, UTF-16, Unicode, and ASCII). |
| Version 3 | 3.0 | August 14, 2006 | Full support for Arabic, Hebrew, Indian, and Thai complex language scripts. Complete cursor rendering support. Support for multiple fonts.[2] |
| Version 4 | 4.0 | September 24, 2007 | Support for transparency in all modes. Support for Macintosh platform including ability to render Mac font suitcases. Support for BREW platform. Language related enhancements resulting in better application of OTF rules and enhanced performance. |
| 4.5 | April 10, 2008 | Support for Unicode range-based and style-based font mapping. Alpha channel support in LCD mode. 32-bit Unicode support. Support for enhanced text view and editing with space wraps termination style. Support for Tab Stops on any platform. | |
| Version 5 | 5.0 | July 15, 2009 | Support for fractional sizes and positions, text rendering text on paths, Unicode to Image mapping, and floating objects. |
| Version 6 | 6.0 | May 10, 2011 | Support for Thai shaping and OpenType rules, Unicode line breaking algorithm, font ratio, shadow width, and shadow color. |
| ARABIC | CHEROKEE | GUJARATI | KHMER | ORIYA | TAILE |
| ARMENIAN | CJK | GURMUKHI | LAO | PHAG | TAILU |
| BENGALI | COPTIC | JAMO | LATIN | PHOENICIAN | TAMIL |
| BOPOMOFO | CYRILLIC | HANGUL | LIMBU | RUNIC | TELUGU |
| BRAILLE | DEVANAGARI | HANUNOO | MALAYALAM | SINHALA | THAANA |
| BUGINESE | ETHIOPIC | HEBREW | MONGOLIAN | SYLOTI | THAI |
| BUHID | GEORGIAN | HIRAGANA | MYANMAR | SYRIAC | TIBETAN |
| BYZANTINE MUSIC | GLAGOLITIC | KANNADA | NKO | TAGALOG | TIFINAGH |
| CANADIAN | GREEK | KATAKANA | OGHAM | TAGBANWA | YI |
Consumer electronic devices, mobile handset, set-top box, digital TV, printer, medical imaging device, GPS system, automobile display, and other embedded systems.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Panorama is a line layout and text composition engine to render text in various worldwide languages made by Bitstream Inc. Panorama uses Font Fusion as the base to support rendering of the text. The engine allows the user to manage different text formatting aspects like spacing, alignment, style effects (bold, embossed, outline, drop shadows etc.). Panorama provides support for OpenType font tables leading to automatic character substitution for ligatures, swashes, scientific figures, etc. Panorama supports three anti-aliasing modes – monochrome, grayscale, and LCD optimized (Horizontal and Vertical).
In typesetting and page layout, alignment or range is the setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column (measure), table cell, or tab (and often to an image above it or under it). The type alignment setting is sometimes referred to as text alignment, text justification, or type justification. The edge of a page or column is known as a margin, and a gap between columns is known as a gutter.
In typography, rivers (or rivers of white) are gaps in typesetting which appear to run through a paragraph of text due to a coincidental alignment of spaces. Rivers can occur regardless of the spacing settings, but are most noticeable with wide inter-word spaces caused by full text justification or monospaced fonts. Rivers are less noticeable with proportional fonts, due to narrow spacing. Another cause of rivers is the close repetition of a long word or similar words at regular intervals, such as "maximization" with "minimization" or "optimization". Rivers occur because of a combination of the x-height of the typeface, the values assigned to the widths of various characters (whether the type appears broad or skinny), and the degree of control over character spacing and word spacing. Broader typefaces are more prone to exhibit rivers, as are the less sophisticated typesetting applications that offer little control over spacing. Increased sentence spacing can also exaggerate the river effect. More sophisticated typesetting applications divide individual characters into larger numbers, giving more numerical control. They also offer more comprehensive libraries of "kerning pairs" that tell the application how much space to allow between all possible combinations of letter pairs. Typographers try to minimize or eliminate the river effect. In Finer Points in the Spacing & Arrangement of Type, Canadian typographer Geoffrey Dowding explains as follows. A carefully composed text page appears as an orderly series of strips of black separated by horizontal channels of white space. Conversely, in a slovenly setting the tendency is for the page to appear as a grey and muddled pattern of isolated spots, this effect being caused by the over-widely separated words. The normal, easy, left-to-right movement of the eye is slowed simply because of this separation; further, the short letters and serifs are unable to discharge an important function—that of keeping the eye on "the line". The eye also tends to be confused by a feeling of vertical emphasis, that is, an up & down movement, induced by the relative isolation of the words & consequent insistence of the ascending and descending letters. This movement is further emphasized by those "rivers" of white which are the inseparable & ugly accompaniment of all carelessly set text matter. Typographers can test for rivers by turning a proof sheet upside down (top to bottom) to examine the text. From this perspective, the eye is less likely to recognize words and the type can be viewed more readily as an overall pattern. Other related terms are lakes and holes, which refer to a cluster of adjacent or intertwined rivers that create a lighter area within a block of type.
Hanging punctuation or exdentation is a microtypographic technique of typesetting punctuation marks and bullet points, most commonly quotation marks and hyphens, further towards the edge so that they do not disrupt the ‘flow’ of a body of text or ‘break’ the margin of alignment. It is so called because the punctuation appears to hang in the margin of the text and is not incorporated into the block or column of text. It is commonly used when text is fully justified.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.