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MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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Anarchism is a small minority political movement in Azerbaijan, although it has unique roots.
Anarchists first appeared in 1904 around the suburbs of Baku.[1] The peak of activism was around 1906–1907, when the number of anarchist organizations in Azerbaijan rose to 40. However, there were few members according to local authorities.[2]
The most influential organizations were established in 1905 by anarcho-communists called Anarkhiya (anarchy), hailing from the city center, and Borba (struggle) in Bibi Eybat. At the same time several groups formed including Bunt in Balakhany and The Internationale in Black City. During the formation of Anarchy, it included several social democrats working in Baku factories.[3] On 1 July 1906 a faction of Anarchy organized into a new group which adopted the name Krasnaya sotnya (Red Hundred). These "red-hundreders" explained their choice by criticism of office bureaucracy of Anarchy, as well as their commitment to effective methods of struggle. Later many small anarchist groups formed, including the Individualist Anarchists, Black Crow, Anarchist Bombers, Red Flag, Terror, Land and Freedom, Azad (free) and others.[4]
According to police reports, the national composition of anarchist organizations were exclusively Russian (except Azad). However, many organizations included a large number of Armenians who were former Hunchakian, Dashnak, who broke with their party. Anarchist Jews—former Social Democrats—chose terrorist methods of struggle and acted mostly against Zionist organizations. The group Red Hundred also included eight Georgians. The average age in these organizations was 28–30 years (the youngest was 19 years old, and the oldest 35).[citation needed]
"Anarkhiya" was founded by former Hunchakian S. Kalashyants who issued a pamphlet named "To Struggle and Anarchy" early in 1906.[5] He was killed on 5 September 1906 by dashnaks as revenge for the murder of I. Dolukhanov, a wealthy dashnak factory owner.[citation needed]
Azad was founded in 1906 and was considered the largest of the then existing small groups like Riot and Terror. They had 15 members at their peak,[6] including former gang members who became local anarchists. The group was led by 2 brothers, Aga Karim and Aga Sanguli. Azad feuded with local millionaires, which were headed by Teimur Ashurbekov (grandfather of Sara Ashurbeyli). At the end of 1907, Karim Aga and Ashurbekov both were arrested, Azad dissolved and remaining members joined other groups.[citation needed]
Anarchists of Baku mostly consisted of two separate ideological subdivisions:[citation needed]
Anarchist organizations lost many followers because of their brutal methods of fighting against the system, including murders and bombings. In March 1908, 50 members of the Red hundred were arrested and sentenced to exile in Siberia.[7] In 1909, almost all members of Black Crow, Terror, and Red Flag were arrested. The remaining small groups disbanded themselves.[8] After the mass repressions of 1908–1909, the anarchist movement in Azerbaijan has failed to recover.[citation needed]
In February 2013, the Baku Individual Anarchists Association (BIAA) was founded by three Azeri. Group considers itself successor to the Baku society of terrorists and anarchist individualists, which was founded by P. F. Kalinin, and considers itself the oldest functioning non-governmental organization in the history of Azerbaijan.[9]
On May 9, 2016, the eve of the birthday of Heydar Aliyev, graffiti reading "Happy holiday of slaves!" and "Fuck the system!" appeared on the pedestal of a monument to Aliyev in Baku, complete with a circle-A inscription.[10] The next day, the Azerbaijani anarchists Bayram Mammadov and Giyas Ibrahimov were detained by police for allegedly perpetrating the graffiti. During the arrest, heroin was apparently seized from their apartments and the pair were arrested for 4 months, pending trial, with the court investigating allegations of the police use of torture against the detainees.[11] The pair were sentenced to 10 years in prison on charges of drug trafficking, although they were later released in March 2019, following an amnesty granted for nearly 400 political prisoners.[12]
On September 27, 2020, Giyas Ibrahimov was again detained by the State Security Service for having made anti-war statements on social media, saying “Pseudo-patriots say they want war now to prevent the conflict from being passed on to future generations. They do not see that they do not allow the next generation to come.“ - in reference to the deaths of schoolchildren during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.[13]
On May 4, 2021, Bayram Mammadov was found dead in Istanbul, he had allegedly entered the sea at Moda beach two days before and was reported not to have left again. Despite an official investigation not being initiated, state news outlets reported the death as a suicide,[14] but close friends of Mammadov have disputed the reports.[15] In July 2021, it was uncovered that Bayram Mammadov, his father, and Giyas Ibrahimov's mother had all been targeted for surveillance by the Azerbaijani government, using the Pegasus spyware developed by the Israeli NSO Group.[16]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Anarchism is a small minority political movement in Azerbaijan, although it has unique roots.
Anarchism in the United States began in the mid-19th century and started to grow in influence as it entered the American labor movements, growing an anarcho-communist current as well as gaining notoriety for violent propaganda of the deed actions and campaigning for diverse social reforms in the early 20th century. By around the start of the 20th century, the heyday of individualist anarchism had passed and anarcho-communism and other social anarchist currents emerged as the dominant anarchist tendency. In the post-World War II era, anarchism regained influence through new developments such as anarcho-pacifism, the American New Left and the counterculture of the 1960s. Contemporary anarchism in the United States influenced and became influenced and renewed by developments both inside and outside the worldwide anarchist movement such as platformism, insurrectionary anarchism, new social movements (anarcha-feminism, queer anarchism and green anarchism) and the alter-globalization movements. Within contemporary anarchism, the anti-capitalism of classical anarchism has remained prominent. Around the turn of the 21st century, anarchism grew in popularity and influence as part of the anti-war, anti-capitalist and anti-globalization movements. Anarchists became known for their involvement in protests against the meetings of the WTO, G8 and the World Economic Forum. Some anarchist factions at these protests engaged in rioting, property destruction and violent confrontations with the police. These actions were precipitated by ad hoc, leaderless and anonymous cadres known as black blocs, although other peaceful organizational tactics pioneered in this time include affinity groups, security culture and the use of decentralized technologies such as the Internet. A significant event of this period was the 1999 Seattle WTO protests.
Anarchism in Korea dates back to the Korean independence movement in Korea under Japanese rule (1910–1945). Korean anarchists federated across their end of the continent, including forming groups on the Japanese mainland and in Manchuria, but their efforts were perforated by regional and world wars.
Anarchism in Georgia (Georgian: ანარქიზმი საქართველოში, romanized: anarkizmi sakartveloshi) began to emerge during the late 19th century out of the Georgian national liberation movement and the Russian nihilist movement. It reached its apex during the 1905 Russian Revolution, after a number of anarchists returned from exile to participate in revolutionary activities, such as in the newly established Gurian Republic. Georgian anarchists Mikheil Tsereteli and Varlam Cherkezishvili played a major role in the development of anarchist ideas in the country, but unlike other European and Russian anarchists, Georgians actively fought for national liberation. This ideology against statehood was supported by those Georgian politicians who led the struggle for the liberation of the Georgian people and fought for national self-determination throughout their lives. As for the anarchist theory of the extinction of the state, the outcry against centralism and for the decentralization of government was the ideal of all progressive-minded people in Georgia and the basis of the country's success. They fought for the autonomy of Georgia, and went even further: in the 1910s they demanded full independence for the country. They defended the slogan of "equality of all nations" and they believed that only after achieving national independence could the nation take care of its social situation. The Georgian anarchist movement was weakened during World War I, as its Georgian members were working abroad. Following the Russian Revolution, anarchism was no longer a relevant political force. Georgian anarchists still uncompromisingly fought against Leninism, condemning all forms of violence, including its expression as a state. In their view, only free people could achieve progress. They fought against the dictatorship of the proletariat brought by the Red Army invasion of Georgia.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
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