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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 Apple A5 (S5L8940 version) chip | |
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | March 11, 2011 |
| Discontinued | October 4, 2016 |
| Designed by | Apple Inc. |
| Common manufacturer | |
| Product code | S5L8940X (A5) S5L8942X (A5R2) S5L8947X (A5R3) |
| Performance | |
| Max. CPU clock rate | 800 MHz to 1 GHz |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| GPU | PowerVR SGX543MP2 (dual-core)[1] |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 32 KB instruction + 32 KB data[2] |
| L2 cache | 1 MB[2] |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Application | Mobile |
| Technology node | 45 nm to 32 nm |
| Microarchitecture | ARM Cortex-A9 |
| Instruction set | ARM, Thumb-2 |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Variant | |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Apple A4 |
| Successor | Apple A6 |
The Apple A5 is a 32-bit system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by Samsung.[3][4] The first product Apple featured an A5 in was the iPad 2. Apple claimed during their media event on March 2, 2011, that the ARM Cortex-A9 central processing unit (CPU) in the A5 is up to two times faster than the CPU in the Apple A4, and the PowerVR SGX543MP2 graphics processing unit (GPU) in the A5 is up to nine times faster than the GPU in the A4.[5] Apple also claimed that the A5 uses the same amount of power as the A4.
The last operating system update Apple provided for a mobile device containing an A5 (iPad 2 CDMA, iPhone 4S, and first-generation iPad Mini cellular models) was iOS 9.3.6, which was released on July 22, 2019, as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 10 in 2016. The latest operating system update Apple has provided for an Apple TV containing an A5 (third-generation Apple TV and third-generation Rev A Apple TV) was Apple TV Software 7.9, which was released on March 14, 2022.[6]
The A5 chip features a dual-core 45 nm Cortex-A9 CPU (shrunk to 32 nm in later versions of the chip) including the Advanced SIMD (Neon) extension,[7] and a dual-core 32 nm PowerVR SGX543MP2 GPU.
The A5 integrates an image signal processor unit (ISP) that can perform advanced image post-processing, such as face detection, white balance, and automatic image stabilization.[8] The A5 also directly integrates Audience earSmart technology for removing surrounding background noise and secondary voices during phone calls.[9]
The clock rate of the Cortex-A9 in the A5 used inside the iPad 2 and first-generation iPad Mini is 1 GHz. Unlike the A4, the A5 can run at slower clocks to conserve power.[10][7] The clock rate of the Cortex-A9 in the A5 used inside the iPhone 4S and fifth-generation iPod Touch is 800 MHz. The A5's clock speed inside third-generation Apple TV is unknown.
When the A5 was first released, the production cost of the chip was estimated to be 75% more than the A4, with the difference expected to diminish when production would later increase.[11] As of August 2012[update], the A5 was manufactured at Samsung's Austin, Texas factory.[12] Samsung invested $3.6 billion in the Austin facility to produce various chips, and nearly all of the facility's output was dedicated to producing Apple chips.[13] Samsung later invested a further $4.2 billion in the Austin facility in order to transition to a 28 nm fabrication process by the second half of 2013.[12]
Three versions of the A5 chip exist: S5L8940 (containing a 45 nm CPU), S5L8942 (containing a 32 nm CPU), and S5L8947 (containing a single-core 32 nm CPU).[14] Apple also designed a separate high-performance variant of the A5 called the Apple A5X, which features a wider memory subsystem and two additional GPU cores. The A5X was used only in the third-generation iPad.
The S5L8940 version of the A5 was used in the iPad 2 and the iPhone 4S.[15] The CPU was manufactured on a 45 nm fabrication process. The die of this version takes up 122.2 mm2 of area.[16] It uses the PoP method of installation to support RAM. The top package contains two 256 MB LPDDR2[17] chips, providing a total of 512 MB[16] of RAM.
The S5L8942 version of the A5 was used in the third-generation Apple TV (one CPU core is disabled),[18] the iPad 2 (iPad2,4 revision), the fifth-generation iPod Touch, and the first-generation iPad Mini. The CPU was manufactured on a 32 nm fabrication process. The die of this version takes up 69.6 mm2 of area[18]—nearly 41% smaller than the die of the S5L8940 version. Like the S5L8940 version, it uses the PoP method of installation to support RAM. The top package contains two 256 MB LPDDR2 chips, providing a total of 512 MB of RAM.[19]
The S5L8947 version of the A5 was used only in the third-generation Rev A Apple TV. Unlike the previous two A5 versions, this version contains only one CPU core.[20] Also unlike the previous two A5 versions, this version does not use the PoP method of installation to support RAM—RAM is found externally from the A5 chip.[21] The die of this version takes up 37.8mm2 of area,[21] using a new design made specifically for the third-generation Rev A Apple TV.[22][23]
These images are illustrations and approximate to scale.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Apple A5 is a 32-bit system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by Samsung. The first product Apple featured an A5 in was the iPad 2. Apple claimed during their media event on March 2, 2011, that the ARM Cortex-A9 central processing unit (CPU) in the A5 is up to two times faster than the CPU in the Apple A4, and the PowerVR SGX543MP2 graphics processing unit (GPU) in the A5 is up to nine times faster than the GPU in the A4. Apple also claimed that the A5 uses the same amount of power as the A4. The last operating system update Apple provided for a mobile device containing an A5 (iPad 2 CDMA, iPhone 4S, and first-generation iPad Mini cellular models) was iOS 9.3.6, which was released on July 22, 2019, as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 10 in 2016. The latest operating system update Apple has provided for an Apple TV containing an A5 (third-generation Apple TV and third-generation Rev A Apple TV) was Apple TV Software 7.9, which was released on March 14, 2022.
tvOS (formerly Apple TV Software) is an operating system created and developed by Apple for the Apple TV, a digital media player. In the first-generation Apple TV, Apple TV software is based on Mac OS X. The software for the second-generation and later Apple TVs is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar frameworks, technologies, and concepts. The second- and third-generation Apple TV have several built-in applications, but do not support third-party applications. On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the fourth-generation Apple TV, with support for third-party applications. Apple also changed the name of the Apple TV operating system to tvOS, adopting the camel case nomenclature that they were using for its other operating systems: iOS, watchOS, and (later, in 2016) macOS. The latest version, tvOS 27, was released on September 14, 2026.
Apple TV is a line of digital media players developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. Similarly to competing devices, they are capable of playing media content streamed from online services (including Apple TV, Apple Music, iTunes Store, and other third-party platforms), compatible devices over a local network (including protocols such as AirPlay), and stored on the device's internal storage. Since 2015, Apple TV devices run tvOS, an operating system derived from iOS that uses a 10-foot user interface optimized for televisions. They can also serve as a home hub for the Apple Home smart home platform. The first generation Apple TV was introduced in 2007; it was primarily designed to download and play content from iTunes Store, synchronized from a Macintosh or PC, while a software update in 2008 added support for accessing content directly from Internet services such as iTunes Store and MobileMe, without the need for it to be synchronized from a computer. The second-generation Apple TV was released in 2010, which switched from Intel processors to Apple A-series chips, and introduced a new operating system derived from iOS. With the release of the fourth-generation model in 2015, the system software was renamed tvOS, and began to support third-party software via an app store, and integration with Siri.
The Apple TV app (also known as Apple TV, TV, and the TV app) is a line of media player software programs developed by Apple Inc. for viewing television shows and films delivered by Apple to consumer electronic devices. It can stream content from the iTunes Store, the Apple TV Channels a la carte video on demand service, and the Apple TV original content subscription service. On iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Vision Pro, and Apple TV devices it can also index and access content from linked apps of other video on demand services. The app was released in the United States in December 2016 for iPhones, iPads, iPod Touches, and was rolled out to other countries starting in late 2017. During the course of 2019 and 2020, it was brought to Macs and the third generation Apple TV and gradually, with certain feature omissions, to non-Apple devices: post-2015 Roku and Amazon Fire TV models and some newer television models on the Roku TV, Fire TV Edition, Samsung Tizen, LG webOS, and Vizio SmartCast smart TV platforms, with select new Sony Android TV models gaining access in October 2020.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
