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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME
BHP HOME BEFORE AMERICA 1800–1936 1937–1957 1958–1980 1981–2000 2001–PRESENT

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century

Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

Arm Image Format

Arm Image Format
Developed byAcorn Computers
Type of formatBinary, executable

In computer programming, the Arm Image Format (AIF) is an object file format used primarily for software intended to run on ARM microprocessors. It was introduced by Acorn Computers for use with their Archimedes computer.[citation needed] It can optionally facilitate debugging, including under operating systems running on other processor architectures.

Format

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The file can be either executable or non-executable and is loaded at 0x8000 unless otherwise specified.[1] Executable files can relocate themselves if necessary and non-executable files are prepared for execution by an image loader. An extended AIF is a type of non-executable which includes information to enable the placement of code and data within specific areas of memory.[1]

The file includes a header and separate areas of read-only and read-write code/data. It can optionally include data for debugging and the code (with list) for self-relocation.[1]

AIF header

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The header includes information about self-relocation, entry point, exit instruction, area sizes and locations, debug type, addressing mode and memory placement (in the case of the extended file).[1]

An allocation was later made in the header to mark executables as being "StrongARM-ready", to address some backward compatibility issues.[2]

Debugging

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The files can be run for debugging under MS-DOS and SunOS using the ARM Windowing Debugger.[3]

Other uses

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Microsoft's MMLite modular system architecture supports the loading of various image formats,[4] including AIF files.[5][6] Porting of Wind River Systems' VxWorks operating system to the StrongARM EBSA-285 board involved using AIF files.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "ARM Software Development Toolkit Reference Guide" (PDF). ARM Holdings. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  2. ^ "Application Note 295". Engineering Support Application Note. Acorn Computers. 4 October 1996. Retrieved 28 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  3. ^ "armwd - The ARM Windowing Debugger". Man Pages for ARM Tools. University of Cambridge. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  4. ^ Helander, Johannes; Forin, Alessandro (1998). "MMLite: A highly componentized system architecture". Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGOPS European workshop on Support for composing distributed applications. pp. 96–103. doi:10.1145/319195.319210. ISBN 978-1-4503-7317-3.
  5. ^ "Everything You Always Wanted To Know About MMLite (but were afraid to ask): The FAQ for MMLite". Microsoft Invisible Computing. Microsoft. 2004. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  6. ^ "aif_ldr.c". Microsoft Invisible Computing. Microsoft. 2004. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  7. ^ "Porting VxWorks to an Intel StrongARM SA-110 Based Platform" (PDF). Intel. April 2001. Retrieved 28 June 2012.[permanent dead link]

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

Arm Image Format

In computer programming, the Arm Image Format (AIF) is an object file format used primarily for software intended to run on ARM microprocessors. It was introduced by Acorn Computers for use with their Archimedes computer. It can optionally facilitate debugging, including under operating systems running on other processor architectures.

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Wikipedia

Half-precision floating-point format

Half precision (sometimes called FP16 or float16) is a binary floating-point computer number format that occupies 16 bits (two bytes in modern computers) in computer memory. It is intended for storage of floating-point values in applications where higher precision is not essential, in particular image processing and neural networks. Almost all modern uses follow the IEEE 754-2008 standard, where the 16-bit base-2 format is referred to as binary16, and the exponent uses 5 bits. This can express values in the range ±65,504, with the minimum value above 1 being 1 + 1/1024.

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Wikipedia

ARM (film)

A.R.M (officially titled: Ajayante Randam Moshanam; transl. Ajayan's Second Theft) is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language action adventure fantasy film directed by Jithin Laal (in his directorial debut), written by Sujith Nambiar, and produced by Magic Frames and UGM Entertainment. The film stars Tovino Thomas in triple roles alongside Basil Joseph, Krithi Shetty (in her Malayalam debut), Surabhi Lakshmi, Aishwarya Rajesh, Kabir Duhan Singh, Harish Uthaman, Jagadish, Aju Varghese, Biju Kuttan, Rohini, Shivajith, and Sudheesh in prominent roles. The film was originally shot in 2D format and converted to 3D. ARM was theatrically released on 12 September 2024 coinciding with the Onam festival. The film received positive reviews from critics. Made on a budget of ₹30 crore, the film became a commercial success grossing ₹106.75 crore at the box office, becoming one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time.

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Wikipedia

Portable Executable

Portable Executable (PE) is a file format for native executable code on 32-bit and 64-bit Windows operating systems, as well as in UEFI environments. It is used for native executables (.exe, .com), dynamic link libraries (.dll, .ocx), system drivers (.sys, .drv) and many other types of files. The PE format supports storing the data required to load and start an operating system process – including references to dynamic link libraries, tables for importing and exporting application programming interface (API) functions, resource management data and thread-local storage (TLS) information. According to the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) specification, the PE format is also the accepted standard for executables in EFI environments. On Windows NT systems, it currently supports a range of instruction sets, including IA-32, x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64), IA-64, ARM and ARM64. Before the advent of Windows 2000, Windows NT (and by extension the PE format) also supported MIPS, Alpha, and PowerPC architectures. Moreover, thanks to its use in Windows CE, PE has maintained compatibility with several MIPS, ARM (including Thumb), and SuperH variants. Functionally, the PE format is similar to other platform-specific executable formats, such as the ELF format used in Linux and most Unix-like systems, and the Mach-O format found in macOS and iOS.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Black woman became the first elected to the United States Congress?

Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.