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GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS
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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

6-iron golf club used by Ethel Funches

Date
late 20th century
Used by
Ethel Funches, American, 1913 - 2010
Subject of
Arnold Daniel Palmer, American, 1929 - 2016
Description
A 6-iron golf club, used by Ethel Funches.
The shaft is silver in color and is made out of metal. There is a black rubber grip at the top. The grip has short green diagonal lines going in both directions all around it. In the center there is a line drawing of an arrow-like shape. There is text going vertically down both sides of the arrow. On the proper right side of the arrow it reads [GRIP RITE] and on the proper left side it reads [SWING RITE]. There is a thin line going around the base of the grip with stars below it. There is a hole in the center of the top of the grip. There is a green indented circle around it. It reads [GOLF PRIDE] above the circle and [MADE IN USA] below the circle. It reads [VICTORY] in an arc inside the circle with a small star.
There are some scuffs and areas of discoloring on the shaft. There is a thick area at the base of the shaft with two thing red stripes and an indented diamond pattern above it.
The head of the club is silver in color and is made of metal. There are scuffs and scratches in several different areas. It is fairly flat and has rounded corners. The proper left side eleven (11) horizontal grooved lines of varying lengths. The proper right side has engraved text which reads [the / Standard] and [Palmer]. There is an engraved number “6” on the underside of the head.
Topic
African American
Athletes
Golf
Sports
See more items in
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Tools and Equipment
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Grand Niece Angela Kenion-Wynn in Memory of Ethel P. Funches
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2015.249.4.5
Type
golf clubs (equipment)
sports and athletic equipment
Restrictions & Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
wood, metal, rubber, and ink
Dimensions
H x W x D (2015.249.4.5 6 Iron): 34 × 3/4 × 3 in. (86.4 × 1.9 × 7.6 cm)
Title
Object Name • 6-iron golf club used by Ethel Funches
Record ID
nmaahc_2015.249.4.5
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
6-IRON GOLF CLUB USED BY ETHEL FUNCHES
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1990s • 1950s
Name
Funches, Ethel • Palmer, Arnold Daniel
Topic
Amusements • Sport • Golf • Athletes • Sports
Culture
African Americans
Type
sports and athletic equipment • recreational artifacts (equipment)
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Media

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

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NMAAHC

American Tennis Association Executive Bulletin No. 19

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Oral History Collection

Date: Date

Caption

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NMAAHC

6-iron golf club used by Ethel Funches

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Writ of execution to collect damages issued by Wentworth Cheswill

Date: Date

Description

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.