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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Act of Parliament | ||
 | ||
| Long title | An Act to provide for the setting up of an Atomic Energy Authority for the United Kingdom, to make provision as to their powers, duties, rights and liabilities, to amend, consequentially on the establishment of and otherwise in connection with that Authority, the Atomic Energy Act, 1946, the Radioactive Substances Act, 1948, and certain other enactments, and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid. | |
|---|---|---|
| Citation | 2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 32 | |
| Introduced by | Second Reading 1 March 1954 by the Minister of Works (Sir David Eccles) (Commons) | |
| Territorial extent | ||
| Dates | ||
| Royal assent | 4 June 1954 | |
| Commencement | 4 June 1954[c] | |
Status: Amended | ||
| Text of statute as originally enacted | ||
| Revised text of statute as amended | ||
| Text of the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. | ||
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 32) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority with powers to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and to carry out research into this and related matters.
From 1948, the regulation of atomic energy was principally governed by two acts of Parliament: the Atomic Energy Act 1946 and the Radioactive Substances Act 1948.[1] The 1946 Act had transferred the responsibility for work on atomic energy from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research to the Ministry of Supply.[2] In December 1953, Parliament agreed to the transfer of ministerial responsibility for atomic energy from the Minister of Supply to the Lord President of the Council. This was expedient as the Lord President was a senior member of the Cabinet who had no departmental interest in the use of atomic energy.[1]
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 further developed government oversight, it transferred powers relating to research, development and disposal of radioactive substances from the Lord President to the new United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority established under the act.[1] Under this arrangement the duties of the Minister and the Authority were clearly defined. Policy remained the responsibility of the Government while the Authority was given the freedom to operate that policy strategically and efficiently.[1]
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 32) received royal assent on 4 June 1954.[3] Its long title is: 'An Act to provide for the setting up of an Atomic Energy Authority for the United Kingdom, to make provision as to their powers, duties, rights and liabilities, to amend, consequentially on the establishment of and otherwise in connection with that Authority, the Atomic Energy Act, 1946, the Radioactive Substances Act, 1948, and certain other enactments, and for purposes connected with the matters aforesaid.'
The act comprises ten sections and three schedules.[3]
Schedules
The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) was established on 19 July 1954 with the power "to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and carry out research into any matters therewith".[4]
The UKAEA developed a civil nuclear reactor programme including two nuclear power stations in 1957 (Berkeley and Bradwell), a further two in 1959 and eight more in the early 1960s.[5]
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 was amended by the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1959 (8 & 9 Eliz. 2. c. 5); by the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1986 (c. 3); and by the Atomic Energy (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1981 (c. 48).
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 32) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority with powers to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and to carry out research into this and related matters.
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. State Energy Resources Conservation & Development Commission, 461 U.S. 190 (1983), is a United States Supreme Court holding that a state statute regulating economic aspects of nuclear generating plants was not preempted by the federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The Court's opinion provided a framework that has guided other cases involving preemption of federal authority.
Restricted Data (RD) is a category of classified information in the United States that is defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as: all data concerning (1) design, manufacture, or utilization of atomic weapons; (2) the production of special nuclear material; or (3) the use of special nuclear material in the production of energy, but shall not include data declassified or removed from the Restricted Data category pursuant to section 142 [of the Act]. The fact that its legal definition includes "all data" except that already specifically declassified has been interpreted to mean that atomic energy information in the United States is born classified, even if it was not created by any agency of the U.S. government. The authority of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to implement this authority as a form of prior restraint was only once tested in court, with inconclusive results. "Restricted Data" should not be confused with the classification category of "Restricted", a relatively low category of classification. "Restricted Data" is not a level of classification; rather, a document can be classified as Confidential, Secret, or Top Secret, while also containing "Restricted Data." In addition, a document containing Restricted Data could also contain Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information (CNWDI). In this way, a document, for instance, could be classified as "Secret" (S), "Secret//Restricted Data" (S//RD), or "Secret//Restricted Data-Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information" (S//RD-CNWDI) depending on the type of information a document contains. Access to Restricted Data requires an L clearance or a Q clearance from the Department of Energy.
The Atomic Energy Authority Act 1959 (8 & 9 Eliz. 2. c. 5) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which amended and extended the constitution and powers of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
