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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Myc box‑dependent‑interacting protein 1 (BIN1), also known as bridging integrator 1 and amphiphysin‑2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN1 gene.[5][6][7]
This gene encodes multiple isoforms of a membrane‑associated adaptor protein that can localize to the cytoplasm and, in some contexts, the nucleus. One isoform was originally identified as a MYC-interacting protein with characteristics of a tumor suppressor.[6] BIN1 plays important roles in membrane curvature, endocytosis, and organization of specialized membrane structures such as transverse (T)‑tubules in striated muscle.[8]
Isoforms expressed in the central nervous system participate in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and membrane trafficking through interactions with dynamin, endophilin, synaptojanin, and clathrin.[9] Genetic variation at the BIN1 locus has been associated with risk of late‑onset Alzheimer's disease, and neuronal BIN1 isoforms interact with the microtubule‑associated protein tau.[10][11]
Muscle-specific and ubiquitously expressed isoforms are essential for the formation and maintenance of T-tubules and excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle.[7][8] Certain nuclear-localized isoforms have been reported to modulate cell cycle progression and to induce an apoptotic or growth‑suppressive response independent of caspase activation in tumor cells.[12]
Studies in mice suggest that this gene plays an important role in cardiac muscle development and postnatal maturation of T-tubules.[13] Alternative splicing of BIN1 generates numerous transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms with tissue‑specific expression patterns, and aberrant splice variants that attenuate BIN1 tumor-suppressor activity have been identified in several tumor cell lines and cancers.[14][15]
In humans, mutations in BIN1 have been associated with skeletal myopathies including centronuclear myopathy causing muscle weakness[7] and myotonic dystrophy causing progressive muscle wasting, myotonia, cataracts, and heart conduction defects.[9] An association has also been found between BIN1 mutations and Alzheimer's disease.[9] Knockdown of BIN1 produces a cardiomyopathy phenotype in zebrafish,[16] and in sheep BIN1 may be responsible for the loss of T-tubules seen in heart failure.[17]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Myc box‑dependent‑interacting protein 1 (BIN1), also known as bridging integrator 1 and amphiphysin‑2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN1 gene.
The three-section staff, three-part staff, triple staff, originally sanjiegun (Chinese: 三節棍; pinyin: sānjiégùn; Jyutping: saam1 zit3 gwan3) or sansetsukon (Japanese: さんせつこん), three-section whip, originally sanjiebian (Chinese: 三節鞭; pinyin: sānjiébiān; Jyutping: saam1 zit3 bin1), is a Chinese flail weapon that consists of three wooden or metal staves connected by metal rings or rope. The weapon is also known as the coiling dragon staff, originally panlong gun (Chinese: 蟠龍棍; pinyin: pánlónggùn; Jyutping: faan4 lung4 gwan3). A more complicated version of the two section staff, the staves can be spun to gather momentum resulting in a powerful strike, or their articulation can be used to strike over or around a shield or other defense.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Hispanic/Latino population is becoming a topic of interest in AD research as Hispanics and Latinos are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's Disease and underrepresented in clinical research. AD is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, that causes memory loss and cognitive decline in its patients. However, pathology and symptoms have been shown to manifest differently in Hispanic/Latinos, as different neuroinflammatory markers are expressed and cognitive decline is more pronounced. Additionally, there is a large genetic component of AD, with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E APOE), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), SORL1, and clusterin (CLU) genes increasing one's risk to develop the condition. However, research has shown these high-risk genes have a different effect on Hispanics and Latinos then they do in other racial and ethnic groups. Additionally, this population experiences higher rates of comorbidities, that increase their risk of developing AD. Hispanics and Latinos also face socioeconomic and cultural factors, such as low income and a language barrier, that affect their ability to engage in clinical trials and receive proper care.
Sichuan is an inland province in Southwestern China. It is located in the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Chengdu, and the province's population stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai and Gansu to the north, Shaanxi and Chongqing to the east, Guizhou and Yunnan to the south, and Tibet to the west. During antiquity, Sichuan was home to the kingdoms of Ba and Shu until their incorporation by the Qin round 316 BC. During the Three Kingdoms era (220–280), Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest. The area recovered to become one of China's most productive by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, and was heavily bombed. It was one of the last mainland areas captured by the People's Liberation Army during the Chinese Civil War, and was divided into four parts from 1949 to 1952, with Chongqing restored two years later. It suffered gravely during the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) but remained China's most-populous province until Chongqing was again separated from it in 1997. The Sichuanese people speak distinctive dialects of Mandarin Chinese. The Sichuan pepper, with its distinctive flavor and numbing effect, is prominent in modern Sichuan cuisine, featuring dishes, including Kung Pao chicken and mapo tofu, that have become staples of Chinese cuisine around the world. There are many panda stations in the province and large reserves for these creatures, such as the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. Sichuan is the 5th-largest provincial economy of China, the largest in Western China, and the largest among inland provinces. As of 2021, its nominal GDP was CN¥5,385 billion (US$847.68 billion), ahead of that of Turkey ($815 billion). If it were its own country, Sichuan would be the 18th-largest economy and 19th-most populous as of 2021.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
