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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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Wikipedia

BP-897

BP-897
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Identifiers
  • N-[4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.150.041 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H31N3O2
Molar mass417.553 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • COc1ccccc1N3CCN(CC3)CCCCNC(=O)c4ccc2ccccc2c4
  • InChI=1S/C26H31N3O2/c1-31-25-11-5-4-10-24(25)29-18-16-28(17-19-29)15-7-6-14-27-26(30)23-13-12-21-8-2-3-9-22(21)20-23/h2-5,8-13,20H,6-7,14-19H2,1H3,(H,27,30) X markN
  • Key:MNHDKMDLOJSCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N X markN
 X markNcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

BP-897 is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a potent selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist with an in vitro intrinsic activity of ~0.6 and ~70x greater affinity for D3 over D2 receptors and is suspected to have partial agonist or antagonist activity in vivo.[1] It has mainly been used in the study of treatments for cocaine addiction.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] A study comparing BP-897 with the potent, antagonistic, and highly D3 selective SB-277,011-A found, "SB 277011-A (1–10 mg/kg) was able to block cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, indicating that DRD3 selective antagonism may be an effective approach to prevent relapse for nicotine. In contrast, BP 897 did not block the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking or nicotine-taking under the FR5 schedule."[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Pilla M, Perachon S, Sautel F, Garrido F, Mann A, Wermuth CG, et al. (July 1999). "Selective inhibition of cocaine-seeking behaviour by a partial dopamine D3 receptor agonist". Nature. 400 (6742): 371–375. doi:10.1038/22560. PMID 10432116. S2CID 4351316.
  2. ^ Beardsley PM, Sokoloff P, Balster RL, Schwartz JC (February 2001). "The D3R partial agonist, BP 897, attenuates the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine and D-amphetamine and is not self-administered". Behavioural Pharmacology. 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1097/00008877-200102000-00001. PMID 11270507. S2CID 25443354.
  3. ^ Garcia-Ladona FJ, Cox BF (2003). "BP 897, a selective dopamine D3 receptor ligand with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cocaine-addiction". CNS Drug Reviews. 9 (2): 141–158. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00246.x. PMC 6741652. PMID 12847556.
  4. ^ Duarte C, Lefebvre C, Chaperon F, Hamon M, Thiébot MH (November 2003). "Effects of a dopamine D3 receptor ligand, BP 897, on acquisition and expression of food-, morphine-, and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, and food-seeking behavior in rats". Neuropsychopharmacology. 28 (11): 1903–1915. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300276. PMID 12915863.
  5. ^ Hsu A, Togasaki DM, Bezard E, Sokoloff P, Langston JW, Di Monte DA, Quik M (November 2004). "Effect of the D3 dopamine receptor partial agonist BP897 [N-[4-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl)butyl]-2-naphthamide] on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesias and parkinsonism in squirrel monkeys". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 311 (2): 770–777. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.071142. PMID 15226382. S2CID 15481124.
  6. ^ Gilbert JG, Newman AH, Gardner EL, Ashby CR, Heidbreder CA, Pak AC, et al. (July 2005). "Acute administration of SB-277011A, NGB 2904, or BP 897 inhibits cocaine cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in rats: role of dopamine D3 receptors". Synapse. 57 (1): 17–28. doi:10.1002/syn.20152. PMC 3726034. PMID 15858839.
  7. ^ Spiller K, Xi ZX, Peng XQ, Newman AH, Ashby CR, Heidbreder C, et al. (March 2008). "The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists SB-277011A and NGB 2904 and the putative partial D3 receptor agonist BP-897 attenuate methamphetamine-enhanced brain stimulation reward in rats". Psychopharmacology. 196 (4): 533–542. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0986-6. PMC 3713235. PMID 17985117.
  8. ^ Hocke C, Prante O, Salama I, Hübner H, Löber S, Kuwert T, Gmeiner P (May 2008). "18F-Labeled FAUC 346 and BP 897 derivatives as subtype-selective potential PET radioligands for the dopamine D3 receptor". ChemMedChem. 3 (5): 788–793. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200700327. PMID 18306190. S2CID 23143152.
  9. ^ Khaled MA, Farid Araki K, Li B, Coen KM, Marinelli PW, Varga J, et al. (March 2010). "The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB 277011-A, but not the partial agonist BP 897, blocks cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 13 (2): 181–190. doi:10.1017/S1461145709991064. PMID 19995481.
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Wikipedia

BP-897

BP-897 is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a potent selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist with an in vitro intrinsic activity of ~0.6 and ~70x greater affinity for D3 over D2 receptors and is suspected to have partial agonist or antagonist activity in vivo. It has mainly been used in the study of treatments for cocaine addiction. A study comparing BP-897 with the potent, antagonistic, and highly D3 selective SB-277,011-A found, "SB 277011-A (1–10 mg/kg) was able to block cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, indicating that DRD3 selective antagonism may be an effective approach to prevent relapse for nicotine. In contrast, BP 897 did not block the cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking or nicotine-taking under the FR5 schedule."

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Wikipedia

Ketamine

Ketamine is a cyclohexanone-derived dissociative general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with analgesic and hallucinogenic properties, used medically for anesthesia, depression, and pain management. Ketamine exists as its two enantiomers, S- (esketamine) and R- (arketamine), and has antidepressant action likely involving NMDA antagonism as well as other mechanisms. At anesthetic doses, ketamine induces a state of dissociative anesthesia, a trance-like state providing pain relief, sedation, and amnesia. Its distinguishing features as an anesthetic are preserved breathing and airway reflexes, stimulated heart function with increased blood pressure, and moderate bronchodilation. As an anesthetic, it is used especially in trauma, emergency, and pediatric cases. At lower, sub-anesthetic doses, it is used as a treatment for pain and treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine is legally used in medicine but is also tightly controlled, as it is used as a recreational drug for its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. When used recreationally, it is found both in crystalline, powder and liquid form, and is often referred to by users as "Ket", "Special K" or simply "K". The long-term effects of repeated use are largely unknown and are an area of active investigation. Liver and urinary toxicity have been reported among regular users of high doses of ketamine for recreational purposes. Ketamine can cause dissociation and nausea, and other adverse effects, and is contraindicated in severe heart or liver disease, and uncontrolled psychosis. Ketamine's clinical and antidepressant effects can be influenced by co-administration of other drugs, though these interactions are variable and not yet fully understood. Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962; it was derived from phencyclidine in pursuit of a safer anesthetic with fewer hallucinogenic effects. It was approved for use in the United States in 1970. It has been regularly used in veterinary medicine and was extensively used for surgical anesthesia in the Vietnam War. It later gained prominence for its rapid antidepressant effects discovered in 2000, marking a major breakthrough in depression treatment. Racemic ketamine, especially at higher doses, may be more effective and longer-lasting than esketamine in reducing depression severity. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

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Wikipedia

Modafinil

Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. It is taken by mouth. Modafinil is a first-line treatment for narcolepsy in the United States and Europe. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but modafinil acts mainly as an atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor, increasing dopamine levels without the rapid or overt signaling seen with classical stimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine. Unlike these drugs, modafinil has low addiction and dependence potential and does not produce strong euphoria, which contributes to its classification as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. It is a prescription medication in most countries. Modafinil is generally well-tolerated; common side effects include headache, nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. Rare but serious adverse effects include severe skin reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome. Modafinil is contraindicated during pregnancy due to increased risk of birth defects. Modafinil is used off-label as a cognitive enhancer by students and professionals seeking improved focus. Research on cognitive effects in non-sleep-deprived individuals has yielded mixed results. Modafinil is banned in competitive sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Modafinil was developed in France in the 1970s by neurophysiologist Michel Jouvet. The drug was approved for medical use in France in 1994 and in the United States in 1998. Generic versions became available in the US in 2012.

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Wikipedia

Tyrosine

L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning 'cheese', as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA. The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker