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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.

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Wikipedia

Bahra 1

Bahra 1
Bahra 1 is located in Kuwait
Bahra 1
Location within Kuwait
Bahra 1 is located in Near East
Bahra 1
Location within Near East
29°39′35″N 48°3′4″E / 29.65972°N 48.05111°E / 29.65972; 48.05111 (approximate)
PeriodsUbaid period
LocationKuwait
RegionPersian Gulf

Bahra 1 is an archaeological site in the Subiya region on the coast of Kuwait Bay (Kuwait) associated with the Ubaid culture.[1] It is one of the earliest Ubaid culture settlements in the Persian Gulf region, about 5500–4900 BC.[2]

History of research

[edit]

Bahra 1 was discovered by archeologist Dr. Sultan al Duweish from the NCCAL. Archaeological work on the site is conducted since 2009 by the Kuwaiti-Polish Archaeological Mission (KPAM) from the Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, in cooperation with the National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters of the State of Kuwait. Prof. Piotr Bieliński (PCMA UW) directs the excavations together with Dr. Hamid al Mutairi (NCCAL, since 2014), previously with Dr. Sultan al Duweish (NCCAL, until 2013).[3]

Archaeological discoveries

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Stone foundations of walls predominate among the remains of several different kinds of structures that were discovered on the site.[4] A few building phases were distinguished, which proves the settlement was permanent. The research in Bahra 1 contributed new data on the Neolithic in the Persian Gulf and the interaction of this region with Mesopotamia in the Ubaid period.[2] It is the oldest permanent settlement directly south of Mesopotamia.[5] The material culture of the settlement is strongly connected with the Mesopotamian Ubaid Culture. About half of the pottery fragments found at the site is of the Ubaid Ware variety that was imported from Mesopotamia.[6] This assemblage comprises both richly decorated luxury vessels and plain utilitarian ware. Also an array of ceramic small objects from the site, some of them perhaps personal adornments, such as flanged discs and ceramic studs, as well as cupped cones, are typical for that period in Mesopotamia and are considered to be objects of a symbolic meaning for the Ubaid culture.[7] The other half of the pottery assemblage from Bahra 1 belonged to the Coarse Red,[8] a pottery type associated with the Arabian Neolithic. A unique find was a fragment of a copper object, which could point to contacts with the Oman Peninsula where sources of this metal were located.[9]

In 2018, an architectural complex different from the others known from this site was studied. It seems it might have had a cultic character, uniting local tradition with concepts derived from the Ubaid culture, which would make it the oldest cult building not only in Kuwait but in the whole Persian Gulf region.[10]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Białowarczuk, M. (2013). Ground and pecked stone industry of Bahra 1, an Ubaid-related settlement in Northern Kuwait. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 22, 569–585.
  2. ^ a b Smogorzewska, Anna (2017). "Local and imported pottery in the Neolithic Gulf: a new perspective from the site of Bahra 1 in Kuwait". Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean. 25: 595–617. doi:10.5604/01.3001.0010.2362.
  3. ^ "Bahra 1". pcma.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
  4. ^ Agnieszka Szymczak & Piotr Bieliński (eds.), As-Sabbija, Autumn 2012. Report on the Eighth Season of Joint Kuwaiti–Polish Archaeological Investigations in Kuwait: Bahra 1, Ubaid Culture Related Settlement (4th Season), 2013, Warsaw.
  5. ^ Lawler, A. Science, vol. 335, Issue 6070, p. 790, DOI: 10.1126/science.335.6070.790
  6. ^ Smogorzewska, Anna (2019-10-10). "Ceramic form and function in the Neolithic Gulf. A view from Bahra 1". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 31 (1): 210–217. doi:10.1111/aae.12135. ISSN 0905-7196. S2CID 210316453.
  7. ^ Carter, Robert (2019-11-24). "The Mesopotamian frontier of the Arabian Neolithic: A cultural borderland of the sixth–fifth millennia BC". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 31: 69–85. doi:10.1111/aae.12145. ISSN 0905-7196. S2CID 213877028.
  8. ^ Anna Smogorzewska (2019), Ceramic form and function in the Neolithic Gulf. A view from Bahra 1. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
  9. ^ Piotr Bieliński, Excavations in Units 3, 6, 10, 11, 14 and the north part of House 2 (in:) M. Białowarczuk, A. Reiche, A. Smogorzewska, A. Szymczak, Bahra 1. Excavations in 2014 and 2015. Preliminary Report on the Sixth and Seventh Seasons of Kuwaiti–Polish Archaeological Investigations, Kuwait–Warsaw: NCCAL–PCMA, 2016, p. 29.
  10. ^ "A temple from the 6th millennium BC? New discoveries in Kuwait". pcma.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 2020-02-26.

Bibliography

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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

Bahra 1

Bahra 1 is an archaeological site in the Subiya region on the coast of Kuwait Bay (Kuwait) associated with the Ubaid culture. It is one of the earliest Ubaid culture settlements in the Persian Gulf region, about 5500–4900 BC.

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Wikipedia

Bahra Mohammed

Bahra Dara Mohammed (Arabic: به هره دارا محمد; born 1 February 1993) is an Iraqi professional football and futsal player who plays as a defender for Iraqi club Naft Al-Shamal.

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Wikipedia

Bahra University

Bahra University is a private university located in Waknaghat, Solan district, Himachal Pradesh, India. The university was established in 2011 by the Rayat-Bahra Group (registered as Bahra Educational and Charitable Society) through the Bahra University (Establishment and Regulation) Act, 2010. The Rayat-Bahra Group also established Rayat Bahra University and other education institutes including Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology.

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Wikipedia

Bahra'

The Bahra' (Arabic: بَهْرَاء, romanized: Bahrāʾ) were an Arab tribe that inhabited the middle Euphrates valley around the trade center and Arab Christian holy city of Resafa during the late Byzantine era, and later the Homs region of central Syria during the Islamic era. After converting to Christianity, and becoming part of the Ghassanid-led tribal federates of the Byzantines in the late 6th century, the Bahra' were tasked with guarding Resafa. They were part of Byzantine–Arab coalitions against the nascent Arab Muslims in 629, 633 and 634, before ultimately converting to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Syria. In the following centuries they mostly inhabited central Syria, lending their name to the area's Jabal Bahra' range.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker