Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Bhateali | |
|---|---|
| भटियाली | |
The word "Bhateali" written in Devanagari script | |
| Native to | |
| Region | Trigarta[1] |
Native speakers | 15,347 (2011 census)[2] |
| Takri, Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bht |
| Glottolog | bhat1263 |
Bhateali, or Bhattiyali, is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It Is spoken majorily in the Bhattiyat division of Chamba, Dalhousie as well as Nurpur division of Kangra and hilly parts of Pathankot district of Punjab. The 2011 Indian Census counted 15,347 speakers,[2] of which 15,107 were found in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.[3]
Bhateali has sometimes been counted as a dialect of either Kangri.[4][5] It is listed under Western Pahari languages group.
It was historically written using the Takri script.
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | ||
| Close | ɪ, ʏ | iː, yː | ɨ | ɯ, ʊ | uː |
| Close-mid | eː | ə | oː | ||
| Open-mid | æː | ɔː | |||
| Open | aː | ||||
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ŋ | ||||
| Stop/ Affricate |
plain | p⠀b | t⠀d | ʈ⠀ɖ | tɕ⠀dʑ | k⠀ɡ | ||
| aspirated | pʰ bʱ | tʰ dʱ | ʈʰ ɖʱ | tɕʰ dʑʱ | kʰ ɡʱ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||||
| Approximant | w | l | ɭ | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ɽ | ||||||
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Bhateali, or Bhattiyali, is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It Is spoken majorily in the Bhattiyat division of Chamba, Dalhousie as well as Nurpur division of Kangra and hilly parts of Pathankot district of Punjab. The 2011 Indian Census counted 15,347 speakers, of which 15,107 were found in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. Bhateali has sometimes been counted as a dialect of either Kangri. It is listed under Western Pahari languages group. It was historically written using the Takri script.
Kangri (Takri: 𑚊𑚭𑚫𑚌𑚪𑚯) is a Western Pahari language, spoken in Himachal Pradesh, predominantly in the Kangra district, Hamirpur district and hilly parts of Una district as well as in some parts of Mandi and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh and in hilly parts of Pathankot and Hoshiarpur districts of Punjab. It is also spoken in few villages of Pakistan by the people belonging to the families migrated from Kangra region. It is associated with the people of the Kangra. Like most of Indo-Aryan languages, Kangri does form a dialect continuum with its neighbouring languages. This includes the Pahari varieties spoken to the east Mandeali, north to Chambeali, Gaddi & Bhateali, south-east to Kahluri and Hinduri, Baghliani, Baghati and Keonthali dialects of Lower Mahasui. Besides it also share continuum north-west to Dogri. It is classified under Western Pahari.
Modern Standard Hindi (Hindi: आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, romanised: Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is an Indo-Aryan language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India and, alongside English, serves as a lingua franca across much of northern, central, eastern, western, and northeastern India, with South India being the main exception. Hindi is an official language in ten states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand), and six union territories (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Ladakh, and Jammu and Kashmir) and an additional official language in the state of West Bengal.. Hindi is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, Modern Standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu. The common base or language of the two registers is referred to as Hindi–Urdu or Hindustani, with Hindi being considered the more Sanskritised register. Hindustani may also occur in simplified forms, sometimes referred to as Bazaar Hindustani; pidginised varieties include Haflong Hindi. Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Examples of this are Bhojpuri-Hindustani spoken in South Africa and Mauritius; Fiji Hindi spoken in Fiji; and Caribbean Hindustani spoken in Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. Hindi is the fourth-most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish, and English. When grouped with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third-most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of Ethnologue (2025), Hindi is the third most-spoken language in the world when including first and second language speakers. Hindi is the fastest-growing language of India, followed by Kashmiri, Meitei, Gujarati and Bengali, according to the 2011 census of India.
The Indo-Iranian languages, also known as Indo-Iranic languages, or Aryan languages, constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They include over 300 languages, spoken by around 1.7 billion speakers worldwide, predominantly in South Asia, West Asia and parts of Central Asia. Indo-Iranian languages are divided into three major branches: Indo-Aryan, Iranian (or Iranic), and Nuristani languages. The Badeshi language remains unclassified within the Indo-Iranian branch. The largest Indo-Iranian language is the Hindustani language (which comprises the two variants Hindi and Urdu). The areas with Indo-Iranian languages stretch from Europe (Romani) and the Caucasus (Ossetian, Tat, Talysh), down to Mesopotamia and eastern Anatolia (Kurdish, Zaza), the Levant and North Africa (Domari), and Iranian plateau, eastward to Xinjiang (Sarikoli) and Assam (Assamese), and south to Sri Lanka (Sinhala) and the Maldives (Maldivian), with branches stretching as far out as Oceania and the Caribbean for Fiji Hindi and Caribbean Hindustani respectively. Furthermore, there are large diaspora communities of Indo-Iranian speakers in Northwestern Europe, North America, Oceania, East Africa, South Africa, the Caribbean, and the Persian Gulf.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.