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The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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Katherine Johnson — Mathematics to the Moon

Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.

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Wikipedia

Bima language

Not to be confused with Bima language (Bantu).
Bima
Bimanese, Bima-Dompu
Nggahi Mbojo
Mbojo Script (Aksara Mbojo) in Bima (Mbojo script variant)
Pronunciation[ᵑɡa.hi ᵐbo.d͡ʒo]
Native toIndonesia
RegionEastern Sumbawa
Moyo Island
Banta Island
Sangeang Island
Komodo Island
Rinca Island
Western Flores
EthnicityBimanese
Dompuan [id]
Native speakers
(500,000 cited 1989)[1]
Dialects
  • Bima
  • Dompu
  • Donggo[2]
  • Kolo
  • Mbojo
  • Sangar (Sanggar)
  • Toloweri
Latin alphabet (Bimanese Latin alphabet)
Lontara script (Mbojo variant)
Official status
Regulated byBadan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Language codes
ISO 639-3bhp
Glottologbima1247
ELPBima
  Bima is spoken by the majority of the population or as their mother language
   Bima is spoken by the majority of the population, but also concurrently by a large number of speakers of other languages
   Bima is a minority language

Bima (endonym: Nggahi Mbojo [ᵑɡa.hi ᵐbo.d͡ʒo]), or Bimanese, is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia by the Bimanese and Dompuan [id] peoples (Bima-Dompu), which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula [id], where the extinct Papuan language, Tambora, was once spoken. Bima is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is Mbojo and the language is referred to as Nggahi Mbojo. There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.[3]

Bimanese is also spoken in several areas of Sumbawa Regency, Lombok, and East Nusa Tenggara (primaly in Komodo island and eastern part of Flores). In Flores, Bima is spoken by people in the Reo, Pota, and East Manggarai regions.

Classification

[edit]

Long thought to be closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast, this assumption has been refuted by Blust (2008), which makes Bima a primary branch within the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.[4]

Distribution

[edit]

The Bimanese language is mostly spoken in the eastern part of the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia, including Bima Regency, Dompu Regency, and Bima City. It also spoken in the islands of Banta, Moyo, Sangeang, Komodo and Rinca.[5] In Sumbawa Regency, this language is spoken in the districts of Empang, Plampang, Lape, Lopok, and Taliwang.[6] The speakers can also be found in western part of Flores, particularly in the districts of Sambi Rampas (Pota village) and Reo.[7]

Dialects

[edit]

According to Ethnologue, dialects of the language include Bima, Dompu, Donggo, Kolo, Mbojo, Sangar (Sanggar), and Toloweri.

Donggo, spoken in mountainous regions to the west of Bima Bay, such as in Soromandi and in the east, especially in Donggo, is closely related to the main dialect of Bimanese. It is spoken by about 25,000 people who were formerly primarily Christians and animists; many have converted to Islam, mostly as a result of intermarriages.[8]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k ʔ
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
prenasal vl. ᵐp ⁿt ᶮtʃ ᵑk
prenasal vd. ᵐb ⁿd ᶮdʒ ᵑɡ
implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative f s h
Lateral l
Trill r
Approximant w j

Vowels

[edit]
Vowel phonemes
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

Vowels /i e o u/ can have shortened allophones as [ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ].[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bima at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Just, P. (2001). Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
  3. ^ Prichard, J. C. (1874). Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. Vol. 5: Containing Researches Into the History of the Oceanic and of the American Nations. London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. ASIN B0041T3N9G.
  4. ^ Blust, R. (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 45–113. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0006. JSTOR 20172340. S2CID 144311741.
  5. ^ Ethnologue
  6. ^ Malingi, Alan (2 January 2016). "Pako Tana Selalu Dinanti". alanmalingi.wordpress.com (in Indonesian). Romantika Bima: Bima Dalam Tiga Dimensi Waktu. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
  7. ^ "Bahasa Bima (Mbojo)". petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id (in Indonesian). Ministry of Education and Culture. Retrieved 28 November 2025.
  8. ^ Just, P. (2001). Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
  9. ^ Tama, I Wayan; Sukayana, I Nengah; Partami, Ni Luh; Z.M., Hamidsyukrie (1996). Fonologi Bahasa Bima. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Incubator logo
Bima language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator


Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Bima language

Bima (endonym: Nggahi Mbojo [ᵑɡa.hi ᵐbo.d͡ʒo]), or Bimanese, is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia by the Bimanese and Dompuan peoples (Bima-Dompu), which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language, Tambora, was once spoken. Bima is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is Mbojo and the language is referred to as Nggahi Mbojo. There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently. Bimanese is also spoken in several areas of Sumbawa Regency, Lombok, and East Nusa Tenggara (primaly in Komodo island and eastern part of Flores). In Flores, Bima is spoken by people in the Reo, Pota, and East Manggarai regions.

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Wikipedia

Bima

Bima (pronounced [ˈbima]; Bima: Mbojo) is a coastal city on the east of the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia's province of West Nusa Tenggara. It is the largest city on the island of Sumbawa, with a population of 142,443 at the 2010 census and 155,140 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2025 was 166,992 (comprising 83,288 males and 83,704 females). It is separate from (but surrounded on the landward side by) the adjoining Bima Regency which had a population of 545,571 according to the mid 2025 official estimates. The people of Bima and the entire eastern side of Sumbawa speak the Bima language (Indonesia: Bahasa Bima; Bima: Nggahi Mbojo). From 1620 to 1958 it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate. In modern times, Bima city is the largest regional and economic hub of Eastern Sumbawa with transmigrants from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok. It has a central downtown commercial zone. It is home to the Sultan Salahuddin mosque and the Sultan Salahuddin Museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). It is connected by a provincial road to Dompu to the west and Sape to the east.

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Wikipedia

Central Malayo-Polynesian languages

The Central Malayo-Polynesian languages (CMP) are a proposed branch in the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The languages are spoken in the Lesser Sunda and Maluku Islands of the Banda Sea, in an area corresponding closely to the Indonesian provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku and the nation of East Timor (excepting the Papuan languages of Timor and nearby islands), but with the Bima language extending to the eastern half of Sumbawa Island in the province of West Nusa Tenggara and the Sula languages of the Sula archipelago in the southwest corner of the province of North Maluku. The principal islands in this region are Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Buru, and Seram. The numerically most important languages are Bima, Manggarai of western Flores, Uab Meto of West Timor, and Tetum, the national language of East Timor. Blust proposes that the CMP languages form a linkage, which means that the CMP languages share a common ancestor and many overlapping innovations, none of which however are found in all CMP languages.

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Wikipedia

Bima Sakti

Bima Sakti Tukiman (born 23 January 1976) is a former Indonesia football player and currently head coach of Persela Lamongan. He was named after the galaxy Milky Way, called "Bima Sakti" in Indonesian language.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which heavyweight champion was known as the “Brown Bomber”?

Joe Louis.