Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
XOR (exclusive or) is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional.
XOR may also refer to:
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XOR (exclusive or) is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional. XOR may also refer to: XOR cipher, an encryption algorithm XOR gate, a digital logic gate bitwise XOR, an operator used in computer programming XOR (video game), a 1987 puzzle video game XOR, an x200 instruction Xor DDoS, a Linux Trojan malware XOR Corporation, a video game publisher and developer XOR, a character from Ultimate Custom Night
An XOR linked list is a type of data structure used in computer programming. It takes advantage of the bitwise XOR operation to decrease storage requirements for doubly linked lists by storing the composition of both addresses in one field. While the composed address is not meaningful on its own, during traversal it can be combined with knowledge of the last-visited node address to deduce the address of the following node.
In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } 0 = A, A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A = 0, A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } B = B ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A, (A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } B) ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } C = A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } (B ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } C), (B ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A) ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A = B ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } 0 = B For example where ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } denotes the exclusive disjunction (XOR) operation. This operation is sometimes called modulus 2 addition (or subtraction, which is identical). With this logic, a string of text can be encrypted by applying the bitwise XOR operator to every character using a given key. To decrypt the output, merely reapplying the XOR function with the key will remove the cipher.
Cover-coding is a technique for obscuring the data that is transmitted over an insecure link, to reduce the risks of snooping. An example of cover-coding would be for the sender to perform a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) of the original data with a password or random number which is known to both sender and receiver. The resulting cover-coded data is then transmitted from sender to the receiver, who uncovers the original data by performing a further bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the received data using the same password or random number. ISO 18000-6C (EPC Class 1 Generation 2) RFID tags protects some operations with a cover code. The reader requests a random number from the tag, and the tag responds with a new random number. The reader then encrypts future communications with this number, using bitwise XOR, to the data it sends. Cover coding is secure if the tag signal can't be intercepted and the random number is not re-used. Compared to the loud transmissions from the reader, tag backscatter is much weaker and difficult -- but not impossible -- to intercept.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.
