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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Brusselian | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Belgium, specifically Brussels |
Indo-European
| |
| Latin script | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
  Location within Brussels | |
| Coordinates: 50°50′48.05″N 4°21′9″E / 50.8466806°N 4.35250°E | |
Brusselian,[a] also known as the Brusselian dialect or Brusselian dialects,[b] is a grouping of several traditional dialects native to Brussels, Belgium. Belonging to a broader Franco-Flemish dialect continuum, they are distinct from standard Dutch and French, and comprise several historically and socially defined varieties, such as Flemish Brusselian (a heavily-Francisised Brabantian Dutch dialect with some Spanish loanwords), Beulemans (a distinct local form of French), Alf-en-alf (a mixed Franco-Flemish variety), and Bargades (a traditional marginal slang related to Bargoens). Marollian is also sometimes considered as a distinct variety of Brusselian.
From the late 19th century, Brusselian was gradually replaced by French, and to a lesser extent, after the Second World War, by standard Dutch. As a result, only a small portion of the Brussels population now speaks the traditional dialects, which survive primarily among older generations and in cultural activities and folklore. Since the late 20th century, preservation efforts have been underway, and in 2021, Brusselian was included in the inventory of intangible cultural heritage of the Brussels-Capital Region.
![[icon]](viewer.php?source=wikipedia&q=File%3AWiki%20letter%20w%20cropped.svg&result=0#selected-result){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (March 2026) |
On 15 December 2021, the Brusselian dialects were added to the inventory of intangible cultural heritage of the Brussels-Capital Region.[1]
The Royal Theatre Toone, a folkloric theatre of marionettes in central Brussels, still puts on puppet plays in Brusselian.[3]
The Brusselian dialects are not homogeneous. They have exhibited significant variations over time and between the different neighbourhoods of Brussels. The best-identified varieties are:[5][4]
Although there is no consensus, Marollian is sometimes considered by some speakers and linguists as a distinct variety of Brusselian.[10][9][11] A mixture of French, Picard and Flemish Brusselian,[4] it was widely spoken in the Marolles/Marollen neighbourhood of the City of Brussels, from which it takes its name, until the 20th century.[3] It still survives among a small minority of inhabitants called Brusseleers[3] (or Brusseleirs), many of them quite bi- and multilingual in French and Dutch.[12][13]
The Brusselian word zwanze is commonly applied by speakers of French and Dutch to denote a sarcastic form of folk humour considered typical of Brussels.[14][15]
Nos langues régionales reconnues sont donc: Le brabançon bruxellois, Le champenois, Le francique carolingien, Le francique mosellan (ou luxembourgeois), Le lorrain gaumais, Le picard, Le wallon
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Brusselian, also known as the Brusselian dialect or Brusselian dialects, is a grouping of several traditional dialects native to Brussels, Belgium. Belonging to a broader Franco-Flemish dialect continuum, they are distinct from standard Dutch and French, and comprise several historically and socially defined varieties, such as Flemish Brusselian (a heavily-Francisised Brabantian Dutch dialect with some Spanish loanwords), Beulemans (a distinct local form of French), Alf-en-alf (a mixed Franco-Flemish variety), and Bargades (a traditional marginal slang related to Bargoens). Marollian is also sometimes considered as a distinct variety of Brusselian. From the late 19th century, Brusselian was gradually replaced by French, and to a lesser extent, after the Second World War, by standard Dutch. As a result, only a small portion of the Brussels population now speaks the traditional dialects, which survive primarily among older generations and in cultural activities and folklore. Since the late 20th century, preservation efforts have been underway, and in 2021, Brusselian was included in the inventory of intangible cultural heritage of the Brussels-Capital Region.
Flemish Brusselian (French: Bruxellois flamand; Dutch: Brussels Vlaams), also known as Brussels Flemish or Brussels Vloms (Brabantian variant of vlaams; "Flemish"), is a traditional dialect native to Brussels, Belgium, a distinct variety of Brusselian. It is a heavily-Francisised Brabantian Dutch dialect that incorporates a sprinkle of Spanish loanwords dating back to the rule of the Low Countries by the Habsburgs (1519–1713). It is distinct from written standard Dutch in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
Het Zinneke (Brusselian dialect for "the mutt"), sometimes called Zinneke Pis by analogy with Manneken Pis, is a bronze sculpture in central Brussels, Belgium, erected in 1999. Created by Tom Frantzen, it represents a dog urinating against a bollard, along the same lines as Manneken Pis (a boy) and its derivative Jeanneke Pis (a girl). It is an example of folk humour (zwanze) popular in Brussels. Het Zinneke is located at the junction of the Rue des Chartreux/Kartuizersstraat and the Rue du Vieux-Marché-aux-Grains/Oude Graanmarkt in the City of Brussels, not far from the Halles Saint-Géry/Sint-Gorikshallen, a market hall and cultural centre, and one of the capital's trendiest districts.
The Royal Theatre Toone (French: Théâtre royal de Toone; Dutch: Koninklijk Poppentheater Toone), often simply referred to as Toone, is a folkloric theatre of rod marionettes in central Brussels, Belgium, active since 1830, and the only traditional Brussels puppet theatre still in operation. Originally founded by Antoine "Toone" Genty in the Marolles/Marollen district of Brussels, since 1966, the theatre has been located at the end of two narrow alleyways, at 66, rue du Marché aux Herbes/Grasmarkt, near the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square). The theatre's premises also house a tavern and a small puppetry museum. The current director is Nicolas Géal, also known as Toone VIII. The theatre still puts on puppet plays in the Brusselian dialect (also sometimes referred to as Marollian), the traditional Brabantian dialect of Brussels. Performances are also given in other languages interspersed with Brusselian, always in the spirit of zwanze, a sarcastic form of folk humour considered typical of Brussels.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.