Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
 | This article needs more citations. (December 2009) |
| Bushel | |
|---|---|
 Queensland Government Standard Imperial Bushel. Queensland Museum | |
| General information | |
| Unit system | imperial and US customary |
| Unit of | volume |
| Symbol | bsh, bu |
| Conversions (imperial) | |
| 1 imp bsh in ... | ... is equal to ... |
| imperial units | 8 imperial gallons |
| metric units | 36.36872 L |
| imperial/US units | ≈2219.3555 cu in |
| Conversions (US) | |
| 1 US bsh in ... | ... is equal to ... |
| metric units | 35.23907016688 L |
| US gallons | 93571/11550 gallons |
| imperial units | ≈7.75151 imperial gallons |
| imperial/US units | 2150.42 cu in |
A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of volume, based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat: in modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushels denoting a mass defined differently for each commodity.
The name "bushel" is also used to translate similar units in other measurement systems.
The word "bushel" was originally used for a container, and later as a unit of measurement. The name comes from the Old French boissiel and buissiel, meaning "little box".[1] It may further derive from Old French boise, thus meaning "little butt".[1]
| This section needs more citations. (August 2018) |
The bushel is an intermediate value between the pound and ton or tun that was introduced to England following the Norman Conquest. Norman statutes made the London bushel part of the legal measure of English wine, ale, and grains. The Assize of Bread and Ale credited to Henry III, c. 1266, defined this bushel in terms of the wine gallon,[2] while the c. 1300 Assize of Weights and Measures usually credited to Edward I or II defined the London bushel in terms of the larger corn gallon.[3] In either case, a London bushel was reckoned to contain 64 pounds, 12 ounces, 20 pennyweight, and 32 grains.
These measures were based on the relatively light tower pound and were rarely used in Scotland, Ireland, or Wales during the Middle Ages. When the Tower system was abolished in the 16th century, the bushel was redefined as 56 avoirdupois pounds.
The imperial bushel established by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 described the bushel as the volume of 80 avoirdupois pounds of distilled water in air at 62 °F (17 °C)[citation needed] or 8 imperial gallons.[1] This is the bushel in some use in the United Kingdom. Thus, there is no distinction between liquid and dry measure in the imperial system.
The Winchester bushel is the volume of a cylinder 18.5 in (470 mm) in diameter and 8 in (200 mm) high, which gives an irrational number 1369π/2 ≈ 2150.4202 of cubic inches.[citation needed] The modern American or US bushel is rounded to exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, a difference of less than one part per ten million.[4]
In English use, a bushel was a round willow basket with fixed dimensions, and its inside measurements were as follows – base diameter 12 inches, top diameter 18 inches, height 12 inches – thus giving a volume of 2120.58 cubic inches. A basket filled level to the top was a bushel. A basket filled to the top but overfilled to a height where it overflowed was considered to be a bushel and a peck, a generous measure (a similar concept to a baker's dozen). The 1950 song "A Bushel and a Peck" from Guys and Dolls contains the lyric "I love you, a bushel and a peck", meaning "I am overflowing with love for you".
Sometimes the basket was made 13 inches high, but with a ring of "waling" (a special willow weaving technique) to mark the 12 inches height: these baskets had a volume of 9311.68 cubic inches.
| 1 imperial bushel | ≡ 8 imperial gallons |
| ≡ 36.36872 litres | |
| ≈ 9.6076 US gallons | |
| ≈ 2219.3555 cubic inches | |
| ≈ 1.28435 cubic feet |
| 1 US bushel |
| ≡ 4 US pecks |
| ≡ 32 US dry quarts |
| ≡ 64 US dry pints |
| ≡ 35.23907016688 litres |
| ≡ 93571/11550 US gallons = 9.3091 US gallons |
| ≡ 371367/5775 US liquid quarts |
| ≡ 742734/5775 US liquid pints |
| ≈ 7.7515118 imperial gallons |
| ≡ 2150.42 cubic inches |
| ≡ 121121/86400 cubic feet |
Bushels are now most often used as units of mass or weight rather than of volume. The bushels in which grains are bought and sold on commodity markets or at local grain elevators, and for reports of grain production, are all units of weight.[5] This is done by assigning a standard weight to each commodity that is to be measured in bushels. These bushels depend on the commodities being measured, and on the moisture content of the commodity. Some of the more common ones are:
Other specific values are defined (and those definitions may vary within different jurisdictions, including from state to state in the United States) for other grains, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, coal, hair and many other commodities.
Government policy in the United States is to phase out units such as the bushel and replace them with metric mass equivalents.[9]
The German bushel is the Scheffel. A Prussian Scheffel was equal to 54.96 litres.[10]
The Polish bushel (korzec) was used as measure of dry capacity. It is divided into 4 quarters (ćwierć) and in the early 19th century had a value of 128 L (28 imp gal; 34 US gal) in Warsaw[11] and 501.116 L (110.230 imp gal; 132.381 US gal) in Kraków.[12]
The Spanish bushel (fanega) was used as a measure of dry capacity. It is roughly equal to 55.5 L (12.2 imp gal; 14.7 US gal) in Castille.
The Welsh hobbit was equivalent to two and a half bushels when used for volume; when used for measuring weight the hobbit was dependent on the grain being weighed.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of volume, based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat: in modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushels denoting a mass defined differently for each commodity. The name "bushel" is also used to translate similar units in other measurement systems.
Bushel’s Case (1670) 124 E.R. 1006, also spelled Bushell's Case, was a landmark English decision on the role of juries. It established beyond question the independence of the jury. It also confirmed that the Court of Common Pleas could issue a writ of habeas corpus in ordinary criminal cases.
The parable of the lamp under a bushel (also known as the lamp under a bowl) is one of the parables of Jesus. It appears in Matthew 5:14–15, Mark 4:21–25 and Luke 8:16–18. In Matthew, the parable is a continuation of the discourse on salt and light in Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, whereas in Mark and Luke, it is connected with Jesus' explanation of the Parable of the Sower. The parable also appears in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas as saying 33.
The bushel with ibex motifs, also known as the beaker with ibex motifs, is a prehistoric pottery artifact originating from Susa, an ancient city in the Near East located in modern-day Iran. This piece of art is believed to have been created during the Susa I period, between 4200 and 3500 BCE. The bushel is a large vessel, measuring 28.9 x 16.4 cm, and was used as a funerary item among the first inhabitants of Susa. The bushel is considered an example of animal style, a decorative approach in art that emphasizes animal motifs. The bushel features various animal motifs including long-necked birds in the upper register, thought to be a kind of wading water bird commonly seen in the region's plains during winter. The next register showcases reclining dogs, which are believed to be saluki or greyhound type hunting dogs typical of the area. The most notable feature of the bushel is the ibex, or mountain goat, motifs, located below the dogs. The ibex, a native of the Zagros Mountain range near Susa, is portrayed in a non-naturalistic style using simple shapes such as triangles. The goat's horns are depicted as arched back over its body, forming a circle. The roundness of the horns and other geometric elements of the bushel are said to emphasize its cylindrical shape. The bushel was discovered during a 1906–1908 excavation of a Susian necropolis led by Jacques de Morgan. It is now housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, where it is recognized as a unique and well-crafted piece.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
