Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
COM Interop is a technology included in the .NET Framework Common Language Runtime (CLR) that enables Component Object Model (COM) objects to interact with .NET objects, and vice versa.[1][2][3]
COM Interop aims to provide access to the existing COM components without requiring that the original component be modified. It tries to make the .NET types equivalent to the COM types. In addition, COM Interop allows COM developers to access managed objects as easily as they access other COM objects.
The .NET Framework creates a type library and special registry entries when a component is registered. It provides a specialized utility (RegAsm.exe, usually located in C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework) that exports the managed types into a type library and registers the managed component as a traditional COM component. When the type is instantiated through COM, the .NET CLR is the actual COM object that executes, and it merely marshals any method calls or property access to the type implementation.
Registration-free COM can be used to avoid DLL hell.
A COM Interop for an existing COM component can be created through the use of the Tlbimp.exe tool supplied with the .NET Framework SDK. This tool will create a set of proxy classes implemented in CIL which is encapsulated in an assembly.
COM interop automatically provides the following services to simplify COM usage from .NET:
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COM Interop is a technology included in the .NET Framework Common Language Runtime (CLR) that enables Component Object Model (COM) objects to interact with .NET objects, and vice versa. COM Interop aims to provide access to the existing COM components without requiring that the original component be modified. It tries to make the .NET types equivalent to the COM types. In addition, COM Interop allows COM developers to access managed objects as easily as they access other COM objects.
JScript .NET is a .NET framework programming language developed by Microsoft as proprietary software. The main differences between JScript and JScript .NET can be summarized as: Firstly, JScript is a scripting language, and as such, programs (or more suggestively, scripts) can be executed with no need to compile the code before. This is not the case with the JScript .NET command-line interface compiler, since this next-generation version relies on the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) for execution, which requires that the code be compiled to Common Intermediate Language (CIL), formerly named Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), code before it can be run. Nevertheless, JScript .NET still fully supports interpreting source code at runtime (e.g., via the Function constructor or the eval function) and indeed the interpreter can be exposed by custom applications hosting the JScript .NET engine via the VSA interfaces. Secondly, JScript has a strong foundation in Microsoft's ActiveX and Component Object Model (COM) technologies, and relies mainly on ActiveX components to provide much of its function (including database access via ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), file handling, etc.), whereas JScript .NET uses the .NET framework to provide equivalent function. For backward-compatibility (or for where no .NET equivalent library exists), JScript .NET still provides full access to ActiveX objects via .NET and COM Interop using both the ActiveXObject constructor and the standard methods of the .NET Type class. Although the .NET framework and languages such as C# and Visual Basic (.NET) have been adopted widely, JScript .NET has received little attention, from the media and developers. It is not supported in Microsoft's premier development tool, Visual Studio .NET. However, ASP.NET supports JScript .NET.
Blittable types are data types in the Microsoft .NET Framework that have an identical presentation in memory for both managed and unmanaged code. Understanding the difference between blittable and non-blittable types can aid in using COM Interop or P/Invoke, two techniques for interoperability in .NET applications. Blittable types are used to interact between managed languages and native projects, as their shared memory representation allows for simple data transfer.
Component Object Model (COM) is a binary-interface technology for software components from Microsoft that enables using objects in a language-neutral way between different programming languages, programming contexts, processes and machines. COM is the basis for other Microsoft domain-specific component technologies including OLE, OLE Automation, ActiveX, COM+, and DCOM as well as implementations such as DirectX, Windows shell, UMDF, Windows Runtime, and Browser Helper Object. COM enables object use when only the object's interface is known, not its internal implementation. The component implementer defines interfaces that are separate from the implementation. Support for multiple programming contexts is handled by relying on the object for aspects that would be challenging to implement as a facility. Supporting multiple uses of an object is handled by requiring each object to destroy itself via reference-counting. Access to an object's interfaces (similar to Type conversion) is provided by each object as well. COM is available only in Microsoft Windows and Apple's Core Foundation 1.3 and later plug-in application programming interface (API). The latter only implements a subset of the whole COM interface. Over time, COM is being replaced with other technologies such as Microsoft .NET and web services (i.e. via WCF). However, COM objects can be used in a .NET language via COM Interop. COM is similar to other component technologies such as SOM, CORBA and Enterprise JavaBeans, although each has its strengths and weaknesses. Unlike C++, COM provides a stable application binary interface (ABI) that is unaffected by compiler differences. This makes using COM advantageous for object-oriented C++ libraries that are to be used by clients compiled via different compilers.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.
