Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
A cattle grid – also known as a stock grid in Australia; cattle guard, or cattle grate in American English; vehicle pass, or stock gap in the Southeastern United States; Texas gate in western Canada and the northwestern United States; and a cattle stop in New Zealand English – is a type of obstacle used to prevent livestock, such as sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, or mules from passing along a road or railway which penetrates the fencing surrounding an enclosed piece of land or border. It consists of a depression in the road covered by a transverse grid of bars or tubes, normally made of metal and firmly fixed to the ground on either side of the depression, so that the gaps between them are wide enough for an animal's feet to enter, but sufficiently narrow not to impede a wheeled vehicle or human foot. This provides an effective barrier to animals without impeding wheeled vehicles, as the animals are reluctant to walk on the grates.
Box is a small village in Gloucestershire, England. It is in the civil parish of Minchinhampton, and is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Stroud and 10 miles (16 km) west of Cirencester. Minchinhampton is about 1 mile (1.6 km) away and Nailsworth is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away. Box has a population of about 400. Box lies at the edge of Minchinhampton Common, designated as a SSSI. The common is used for the grazing of cattle, and the absence of a cattle grid at the entrance to the village means cows are able to wander through its streets. The village holds annual produce show, pantomime and open garden events.
Llandeilo'r-Fan is a small village located in Powys, Wales. It is located between Llandovery and Brecon. It is very rural and is located in a hilly area of Mid Wales. The village has a church, community hall and a few houses. The nearest shop and pub are in Sennybridge. Llandeilo'r-Fan is the end of the public road up from the Usk valley, which continues into the Sennybridge Training Area (SENTA) above the village. There is a cattle grid and a red flag flying, which prohibits public access along the road over the Epynt mountain to Dixies Corner. However, access is allowed to the Epynt Way sections 6 and 7 (walking/cycling/horse-riding), which end just beyond the military range boundary. There is a horse corral which is also suitable for car parking here, named as "Epynt Way Section 7" on Google maps.
Bonkwert (Dutch: Bonkwerd [ˈbɔŋkʋərt]) is hamlet in the Dutch municipality of Waadhoeke in the province of Friesland. It is located northeast of Wommels, north of Iens and southwest of the village of Spannum, of which it is part administratively. The habitation is located north of the N359 and consists of several scattered farms on the dead-end road Bonkwerterreed. This road can only be accessed by crossing a cattle grid. It is also the place where the place name sign is located. The hamlet was first mentioned as Buurckwert in 1487. This is probably a misspelling of Buunckwert because in 1530 it was written as Buynckwert and in 1532 as Bunckwert. The suffix -werd refers to a terp ('werd' or 'wierde'). This mound was already inhabited in the late Iron Age (around 250 BC). It is unknown what Bonk or Buunck refers to. It may refer to the personal name 'Bonika'; "the little warrior who can kill", or to 'Bonninga', a Frisian surname. Currently located in the municipality of Waadhoeke, Bonkwert belonged to Littenseradiel until 2018, and Hennaarderadeel until 1984. Having been part of Littenseradiel, the hamlet's official name is in West Frisian, as opposed to the Dutch variant which ends on -d.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.