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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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NMAAHC

Medal of Honor bestowed on Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton

Date
1952
Caption
This Medal of Honor was awarded posthumously to Sgt. Cornelius H. Charlton for his bravery during the Korean War. Sergeant Charlton served in C Company, 24th Infantry Regiment. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions on June 2, 1951, near Chipo-ri, Korea. After his wounded platoon leader was evacuated during an attack to capture Hill 543, Sergeant Charlton “rallied the men” and led them on three separate assaults. During the first assault he eliminated two enemy positions, killing six. Although seriously wounded in the next two assaults, Charlton conducted a fourth assault alone. He was wounded again by a grenade, but silenced the enemy guns before he died.
Description
The medal (.1a) consists of a gold five pointed star, each point tipped with trefoils, surrounded by a green laurel wreath and suspended from a gold bar inscribed [VALOR], surmounted by an eagle. In the center of the star is Minerva’s head surrounded by the words [UNITED STATES OF AMERICA]. On each ray of the star is a green oak leaf. On the recto, the bar is engraved with [THE CONGRESS TO] with [SGT/CORNELIUS H./CHARLTON/CO C. 24TH INF REGT/25TH INF DIV.USA] engraved on the star.
The neck ribbon (.1b) is blue silk with two snaps on either end for the wearer to attach the ribbon around his neck. The center of the ribbon is covered in blue silk with 13 white stars.
The service ribbon (.2) is a rectangular bar covered in blue silk with five white stars.
The case (.3) has a clear plastic top with blue velvet and gold bordered insert.
See more items in
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title
Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton Collection
Classification
Awards, Medals, and Insignia
On View
NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Community/Third Floor, 3 053A
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Ray R. and Patricia A.D. Charlton in memory of Cornelius H. Charlton
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2013.165.1.1ab-.3
Type
medals
Restrictions & Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
Medal: metal, brass, gold plating, and enamel;
Neck and service ribbons: silk;
Case: plastic, brass, and velvet
Dimensions
Medal: H x W x D: 2 1/4 × 1 1/2 × 1/16 in. (5.7 × 3.8 × 0.2 cm)
Neck Ribbon: H x W: 1 1/4 × 22 in. (3.2 × 55.9 cm)
Service Ribbon: H x W x D: 1 7/16 × 3/8 × 1/8 in. (3.7 × 1 × 0.3 cm)
Case: H x W x D: 6 5/8 × 3 5/16 × 1 1/16 in. (16.8 × 8.4 × 2.7 cm)
Title
Object Name • Medal of Honor bestowed on Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton
Record ID
nmaahc_2013.165.1.1ab-.3
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
MEDAL OF HONOR BESTOWED ON SERGEANT CORNELIUS H. CHARLTON
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1950s
Exhibition
NMAAHC
Type
On Physical Exhibit
Yes
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

NMAAHC

Three spent cases from Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton's funeral volley

Date: Date

Caption

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NMAAHC

U.S. Burial Flag for Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton

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NMAAHC

James Monroe High School Hall of Fame coin honoring Sgt. Cornelius H. Charlton

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Medal of Honor bestowed on Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton

Date: Date

Caption

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.