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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Cho-Ten | |
|---|---|
| Tag team | |
| Members | Masahiro Chono Hiroyoshi Tenzan |
| Name(s) | Cho-Ten[1] Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan[2] Ookami Gundan[3] |
| Billed heights | Chono: 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)[4] Tenzan: 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)[5] |
| Combined billed weight | 223 kg (492 lb) |
| Billed from | Japan |
| Debut | February 1995[6] |
| Disbanded | September 2006[7] |
Cho-Ten, also known as Ookami Gundan (Japanese for "Wolf Army"), was a professional wrestling tag team who competed in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) intermittently from February 1995 to September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history.[2] They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship five times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League.[8][9]
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Cho-Ten first began teaming up on February 19, 1995 along with veteran Hiro Saito to defeat Hiroshi Hase, Kensuke Sasaki, & Riki Choshu.[6] After forming their alliance, the three became known as "Team Wolf";[3] Sabu would join Team Wolf as well. Cho-Ten would see immediate success as they received their first shot at the IWGP Tag Team Championship on June 12, 1995 as they took on Shinya Hashimoto and Junji Hirata for the vacant titles.[10] Cho-Ten would emerge victorious and would win their first tag team title.[8] The title reign would not last long as they stripped of the titles on July 7, 1995 when Chono no-showed a title defense, it would later be revealed that Chono missed the show due to his father's death.[11] After being stripped of the titles, Cho-Ten would challenge for the titles 3 times during 1995 but came up short each time.[12] Despite this setback Cho-Ten would bounce back as they won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League marking their second achievement in less than a year.
After several months out of the title hunt, Cho-Ten received a title shot against Kazuo Yamazaki and Takashi Iizuka on July 16, 1996. The challengers came out on top winning their second tag title.[13] After the title victory, Cho-Ten would successfully defend the titles against Yamazaki and Iizuka in rematches[12] before eventually dropping the titles to Tatsumi Fujinami and Kengo Kimura at Wrestling World 1997 on January 4, 1997.[14] After the title loss, Cho-Ten briefly broke up with Chono forming nWo Japan (which Tenzan joined), afterward he would form teams with nWo Sting[15] and Keiji Mutoh, the latter which he won the IWGP Tag Team Title and the 1997 Super Grade Tag League.[11][16] During 1997, both Chono and Tenzan received shots at the IWGP Heavyweight Championship but both failed to win the title and Tenzan also became the runner up in the 1997 G1 Climax.[17][18]
On May 7, 1998, Chono and Mutoh were stripped of the tag team titles due to Mutoh suffering from a knee injury.[10] Following the vacancy, Cho-Ten reunited and on June 5, 1998 they defeated Genichiro Tenryu and Shiro Koshinaka to win the titles for the third time.[11] The title reign would not last as they lost the titles on July 15, 1998 to Tenryu and Koshinaka in a rematch.[19] After the title loss, Cho-Ten broke up again as Chono began focusing on singles competition while Tenzan formed another highly successful tag team: Tencozy with Satoshi Kojima.
In 2002, Keiji Mutoh,[20] Satoshi Kojima,[21] and Kendo Kashin[22] left New Japan for All Japan Pro Wrestling. With Mutoh gone, the IWGP Tag Team Championships became vacated[11] and Kojima departure marked the end of Tencozy for the moment.[21] In March 2002, Cho-Ten reunited to take part in a tournament for the vacant titles, the team would defeat Kensuke Sasaki and Shiro Koshinaka in the first round, Hiroshi Tanahashi and Kenzo Suzuki in the second round and on March 24, 2002, Cho-Ten took on Yuji Nagata and Manabu Nakanishi in the finals for the titles.[23] Despite not having teamed in years, the magic was still there as Cho-Ten won their fourth tag title.[11] The fourth title reign would be Cho-Ten's most successful title reign as they would hold the titles for over 446 Days which has become the longest title reign in the history of the titles, they also made the most successful title defenses as they successfully defended the titles 7 times against the likes of The Steiner Brothers[24] and variations of the Makai Club (Tadao Yasuda and Ryushi Yanagisawa,[25] Yasuda and Kazunari Murakami).[26][27] During the title reign, Chono won his fourth G1 Climax on August 11, 2002[28] adding more trophies to the team. Eventually the team would lose the titles on June 13, 2003 to Hiroshi Tanahashi and Yutaka Yoshie.[29] After the title loss, Cho-Ten broke up once again as both decided to focus on their singles careers with Tenzan winning the IWGP Heavyweight Championship 4 times between 2003–2005 and the 2003 and 2004 G1 Climax while Chono won the 2005 G1.[23]
On October 30, 2005, Cho-Ten reunited once again to challenge Hiroshi Tanahashi and Shinsuke Nakamura for the IWGP Tag Team Championship. History would be made as Cho-Ten won their record setting fifth tag title.[30] It was during this reign that Chono and Tenzan finally adopted the Cho-Ten portmanteau as their official team name.[31] They would hold the titles for nearly a year fending off challenges from Takao Omori and Shiro Koshinaka, Yuji Nagata and Naofumi Yamamoto, and Manabu Nakanishi and Giant Bernard.[27] Unfortunately during the title reign, Chono would suffer an injury and upon his return, the two would begin to show dissension and eventually had a falling-out. Due to their refusal to defend the title together, Cho-Ten were stripped of the tag titles on September 24, 2006, and began feuding from there.[4]
After breaking up, Chono and Tenzan began feuding with each other with Tenzan defeating Chono on September 24, 2006.[4] Soon after Chono formed Chono-Nakamura gun/BLACK with Shinsuke Nakamura while Tenzan formed GBH (Great Bash Heel) and the feud continued. After Tenzan was eventually kicked out of GBH in February 2008,[5] the two began to make peace as they began teaming up again in tag matches.[32] Despite teaming again, Cho-Ten never officially got back together as Tenzan instead began re-teaming with Kojima as well began suffering numerous injuries.[5]
In February 2010, Chono left New Japan to become a Freelancer.[33] Tenzan future was unknown as he had been inactive since August 2009 due to injuries,[5] until returning to New Japan in November 2010.
In October 2011, Chono and Tenzan reunited, alongside Hiro Saito, for Tenzan's 20th Anniversary Show, defeating Osamu Nishimura, Shinjiro Otani, and Koji Kanemoto.
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Cho-Ten, also known as Ookami Gundan (Japanese for "Wolf Army"), was a professional wrestling tag team who competed in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) intermittently from February 1995 to September 2006. The team consisted of Masahiro Chono and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. Cho-Ten is one of the most decorated and successful tag teams in New Japan history. They held the IWGP Tag Team Championship five times and won the 1995 Super Grade Tag League.
Seung-Hui Cho (; Korean: 조승희; [tɕo sɯŋhi] ; January 18, 1984 – April 16, 2007) was a South Korean mass murderer who perpetrated the Virginia Tech shooting on April 16, 2007. Cho killed 32 people and wounded 17 others at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, using two semi-automatic pistols. A senior-level student of creative writing at the university, Cho died by suicide after police breached the doors of Virginia Tech's Norris Hall which Cho had locked with heavy chains, where most of the shooting had taken place. The killing is the deadliest school shooting in U.S. history, and was at the time the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history. Born in South Korea, Cho was eight years old when he immigrated to the United States with his family. He became a U.S. permanent resident as a South Korean national. At the time of the shooting, Cho had the legal status of resident alien. In middle school, he was diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorder with selective mutism, as well as major depressive disorder. After his diagnosis, he began receiving treatment and continued to receive therapy and special education support until his junior year of high school. Cho was bullied throughout high school. During Cho's last two years at Virginia Tech, several instances of his abnormal behavior, as well as plays and other writings he submitted containing references to violence, caused concern among teachers and classmates. In the aftermath of the shootings, Virginia governor Tim Kaine convened a panel consisting of various officials and experts to investigate and examine the response and handling of issues related to the shootings. The panel released its final report in August 2007, devoting more than 20 pages to detailing Cho's troubled history. In the report, the panel criticized the failure of the educators and mental health professionals who came into contact with Cho during his college years to notice his deteriorating condition and help him. The panel also criticized misinterpretations of privacy laws and gaps in Virginia's mental health system and gun laws. In addition, the panel faulted Virginia Tech administrators in particular for failing to take immediate action after the first two deaths of Emily J. Hilscher and Ryan C. "Stack" Clark. Nevertheless, the report did acknowledge that Cho must still be held primarily responsible for the killing, despite his "emotional and psychological disabilities [having] undoubtedly clouded his own situation".
Margaret Moran Cho (born December 5, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, actress and musician. In her stand-up routines she critiques social and political problems, especially about race and sexuality. She starred in the ABC sitcom All-American Girl (1994–95). As an actress, she has played such roles as Charlene Lee in It's My Party and John Travolta's FBI colleague in the action film Face/Off. Cho was part of the cast of the TV series Drop Dead Diva on Lifetime Television, in which she appeared as Teri Lee, a paralegal assistant. For her portrayal of Kim Jong Il on 30 Rock, she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2012. In 2022, Cho co-starred in the film Fire Island, a portrayal of the LGBTQ Asian American experience on Fire Island. Cho has worked in fashion and music and owns her own clothing line. She has frequently supported LGBTQ rights and has won awards for her humanitarian efforts on behalf of women, Asian Americans, and the LGBTQ community.
The IWGP Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship owned by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. "IWGP" are the initials of NJPW's governing body, the International Wrestling Grand Prix. The title was introduced on December 12, 1985, at an NJPW live event. The IWGP Heavyweight Tag Team Championship is not the only tag team title contested for in NJPW; the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship is also sanctioned by NJPW. According to NJPW's official website, the IWGP Tag Team Championship is considered the "IWGP Heavy Weight Class", while the Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship is listed as the "IWGP Jr. Tag Class". Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won via the result of a scripted match. Title changes usually happen at NJPW-promoted events;. However, the title has only changed hands twice at a non-NJPW event, it has been defended in several other promotions. Hiroyoshi Tenzan currently holds the record for most reigns by an individual wrestler, with twelve. Tenzan's combined twelve reign lengths add up to 1,988 days, which is the most of any champion. At seven reigns, Guerrillas of Destiny (Tama Tonga and Tanga Loa) hold the record for most by a team. Tenzan and Masahiro Chono's combined five reign lengths add up to 1,010 days (the most of any team). At 564 days, Bad Intentions' (Giant Bernard and Karl Anderson) only reign is the longest in the title's history. Keiji Muto and Shiro Koshinaka's only reign is the shortest, at six days. Currently, Bad Intentions' only reign has the most defenses, with ten. Overall, there have been 113 reigns shared among 97 wrestlers, who made up 73 different teams. Knock Out Brothers (Yuto-Ice and Oskar) are the current champions in their second reign. They won the title by defeating United Empire (Henare and Great-O-Khan) on Night 1 of Road to King of Pro-Wrestling in Tokyo, Japan, on October 6, 2026.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.