Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This is a list of incorporated cities in Canada, in alphabetical order categorized by province or territory. More thorough lists of communities are available for each province.

To qualify as a city in Alberta, a sufficient population size (10,000 people or more) must be present and a majority of the buildings must be on parcels of land less than 1,850 square metres (19,900 sq ft).[1] A community is not always incorporated as a city even if it meets these requirements. The urban service areas of Fort McMurray and Sherwood Park are hamlets recognized as equivalents of cities, but remain unincorporated. Ten towns are also eligible for city status but remain incorporated as towns.
Alberta has 19 cities. Beaumont is Alberta's newest city, incorporating from town status on January 1, 2019.[2]
| Name | Region | Incorporation date (city)[3] |
Council size[3] |
2021 Census of Population[4] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2021) |
Population (2016) |
Change | Land area (km2) |
Population density (per km2) | ||||
| Airdrie | Calgary Metro | January 1, 1985 | 7 | 74,100 | 61,581 | +20.3% | 84.39 | 878.1 |
| Beaumont[AB 1] | Edmonton Metro | January 1, 2019 | 7 | 20,888 | 17,457 | +19.7% | 24.70 | 845.7 |
| Brooks[AB 2] | Southern | September 1, 2005 | 7 | 14,924 | 14,451 | +3.3% | 18.21 | 819.5 |
| Calgary[AB 3] | Calgary Metro | January 1, 1894 | 15 | 1,306,784 | 1,239,220 | +5.5% | 820.62 | 1,592.4 |
| Camrose | Central | January 1, 1955 | 9 | 18,772 | 18,742 | +0.2% | 41.67 | 450.5 |
| Chestermere[AB 4] | Calgary Metro | January 1, 2015 | 7 | 22,163 | 19,887 | +11.4% | 32.83 | 675.1 |
| Cold Lake | Northern | October 1, 2000 | 7 | 15,661 | 14,976 | +4.6% | 66.61 | 235.1 |
| Edmonton[AB 5] | Edmonton Metro | October 8, 1904 | 13 | 1,010,899 | 933,088 | +8.3% | 765.61 | 1,320.4 |
| Fort Saskatchewan | Edmonton Metro | July 1, 1985 | 7 | 27,088 | 24,169 | +12.1% | 56.50 | 479.4 |
| Grande Prairie | Northern | January 1, 1958 | 9 | 64,141 | 63,166 | +1.5% | 132.71 | 483.3 |
| Lacombe | Central | September 5, 2010 | 7 | 13,396 | 13,057 | +2.6% | 20.59 | 650.6 |
| Leduc | Edmonton Metro | September 1, 1983 | 7 | 34,094 | 29,993 | +13.7% | 42.25 | 807.0 |
| Lethbridge | Southern | May 9, 1906 | 9 | 98,406 | 92,729 | +6.1% | 121.12 | 812.5 |
| Lloydminster (part)[AB 6] | Central | January 1, 1958 | 7 | 19,739 | 19,645 | +0.5% | 23.98 | 823.1 |
| Medicine Hat | Southern | May 9, 1906 | 9 | 63,271 | 63,260 | 0.0% | 111.97 | 565.1 |
| Red Deer | Central | March 25, 1913 | 9 | 100,844 | 100,418 | +0.4% | 104.34 | 966.5 |
| Spruce Grove | Edmonton Metro | March 1, 1986 | 7 | 37,645 | 34,108 | +10.4% | 37.52 | 1,003.3 |
| St. Albert | Edmonton Metro | January 1, 1977 | 7 | 68,232 | 65,589 | +4.0% | 47.84 | 1,426.3 |
| Wetaskiwin[AB 7] | Central | May 9, 1906 | 7 | 12,594 | 12,655 | −0.5% | 18.75 | 671.7 |
| Total cities | — | — | 157 | 3,023,641 | 2,838,191 | +6.5% | 2,572.21 | 1,175.5 |
Notes:
In British Columbia, a community can be incorporated as a city if its population exceeds 5,000.[5] Once so incorporated, a city does not lose this status even if its population later declines; the once-larger City of Greenwood, for example, now has a population of just 665 people.
British Columbia has 53 cities.
| Name | Regional district[6] | Incorporation date[6] | Council size[7] | Population (2021)[8] | Population (2016)[9] | Change (%)[9] | Area (km2)[9] | Population density (people/km2)[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbotsford | Fraser Valley | December 12, 1995 | 9[10] | 153,524 | 141,397 | 8.6 | 375.33 | 409.0 |
| Armstrong | North Okanagan | March 31, 1913 | 7[11] | 5,323 | 5,114 | 4.1 | 5.22 | 1020.0 |
| Burnaby | Metro Vancouver | September 22, 1892 | 9[12] | 249,125 | 232,755 | 7.0 | 90.57 | 2750.7 |
| Campbell River | Strathcona | June 24, 1947 | 7[13] | 35,519 | 33,007 | 7.6 | 144.38 | 246.0 |
| Castlegar | Central Kootenay | January 1, 1974 | 7[14] | 8,338 | 8,039 | 3.7 | 19.87 | 419.6 |
| Chilliwack | Fraser Valley | April 26, 1873 | 7[15] | 93,203 | 83,788 | 11.2 | 261.34 | 356.6 |
| Colwood | Capital | June 24, 1985 | 7[16] | 18,961 | 16,859 | 12.5 | 17.66 | 1073.6 |
| Coquitlam | Metro Vancouver | July 25, 1891 | 9[17] | 148,625 | 139,284 | 6.7 | 122.15 | 1216.7 |
| Courtenay | Comox Valley | January 1, 1915 | 7[18] | 28,420 | 25,639 | 10.8 | 32.42 | 876.7 |
| Cranbrook | East Kootenay | November 1, 1905 | 7[19] | 20,499 | 20,047 | 2.3 | 31.97 | 641.2 |
| Dawson Creek | Peace River | May 26, 1936 | 7[20] | 12,323 | 12,178 | 1.2 | 26.72 | 461.1 |
| Delta | Metro Vancouver | September 22, 2017[21] | 7[22] | 108,455 | 102,238 | 6.1 | 179.66 | 603.7 |
| Duncan | Cowichan Valley | March 4, 1912 | 7[23] | 5,047 | 4,944 | 2.1 | 2.06 | 2444.5 |
| Enderby | North Okanagan | March 1, 1905 | 7[24] | 3,028 | 2,964 | 2.2 | 4.26 | 710.4 |
| Fernie | East Kootenay | July 28, 1904 | 7[25] | 6,320 | 5,396 | 17.1 | 15.11 | 418.3 |
| Fort St. John | Peace River | December 31, 1947 | 7[26] | 21,465 | 20,260 | 5.9 | 32.67 | 656.9 |
| Grand Forks | Kootenay Boundary | April 15, 1897 | 7[27] | 4,112 | 4,049 | 1.6 | 10.37 | 396.4 |
| Greenwood | Kootenay Boundary | July 12, 1897 | 5[28] | 702 | 665 | 5.6 | 2.42 | 290.2 |
| Kamloops | Thompson-Nicola | October 17, 1967 | 9[29] | 97,902 | 90,280 | 8.4 | 297.93 | 328.6 |
| Kelowna | Central Okanagan | May 4, 1905 | 9[30] | 144,576 | 127,390 | 13.5 | 211.85 | 682.4 |
| Kimberley | East Kootenay | March 29, 1944 | 7[31] | 8,115 | 7,425 | 9.3 | 60.51 | 134.1 |
| Langford | Capital | December 8, 1992 | 7[32] | 46,584 | 35,342 | 31.8 | 41.43 | 1124.4 |
| Langley | Metro Vancouver | March 15, 1955 | 7[33] | 28,963 | 25,888 | 11.9 | 10.18 | 2845.2 |
| Maple Ridge | Metro Vancouver | September 12, 2014[34] | 7[35] | 90,990 | 82,256 | 10.6 | 267.82 | 339.7 |
| Merritt | Thompson-Nicola | April 1, 1911 | 7[36] | 7,051 | 7,139 | -1.2 | 26.04 | 270.7 |
| Mission | Fraser Valley | March 29, 2021[37] | 7[38] | 41,519 | 38,554 | 7.7 | 226.98 | 182.9 |
| Nanaimo | Nanaimo | December 24, 1874 | 9[39] | 99,863 | 90,504 | 10.3 | 90.45 | 1104.1 |
| Nelson | Central Kootenay | March 18, 1897 | 7[40] | 11,106 | 10,572 | 5.1 | 11.93 | 930.6 |
| New Westminster | Metro Vancouver | July 16, 1860 | 7[41] | 78,916 | 70,996 | 11.2 | 15.62 | 5052.4 |
| North Vancouver | Metro Vancouver | August 10, 1891 | 7[42] | 58,120 | 52,898 | 9.9 | 11.83 | 4913.0 |
| Parksville | Nanaimo | June 19, 1945 | 7[43] | 13,642 | 12,453 | 9.5 | 14.52 | 939.5 |
| Penticton | Okanagan-Similkameen | January 1, 1909 | 7[44] | 36,885 | 33,761 | 9.3 | 43.03 | 857.3 |
| Pitt Meadows | Metro Vancouver | April 25, 1914 | 7[45] | 19,146 | 18,573 | 3.1 | 86.34 | 221.7 |
| Port Alberni | Alberni-Clayoquot | October 28, 1967 | 7[46] | 18,259 | 17,678 | 3.3 | 19.66 | 928.9 |
| Port Coquitlam | Metro Vancouver | March 7, 1913 | 7[47] | 61,498 | 58,612 | 4.9 | 29.16 | 2108.7 |
| Port Moody | Metro Vancouver | March 11, 1913 | 7[48] | 33,535 | 33,551 | 0.0 | 25.85 | 1297.3 |
| Powell River | Powell River | October 15, 1955 | 7[49] | 13,943 | 13,157 | 6.0 | 28.91 | 482.4 |
| Prince George | Fraser-Fort George | March 6, 1915 | 9[50] | 76,708 | 74,003 | 3.7 | 316.74 | 242.2 |
| Prince Rupert | North Coast | March 10, 1910 | 7[51] | 12,300 | 12,220 | 0.7 | 66.00 | 186.4 |
| Quesnel | Cariboo | March 21, 1928 | 7[52] | 9,889 | 9,879 | 0.1 | 35.35 | 279.8 |
| Revelstoke | Columbia Shuswap | March 1, 1899 | 7[53] | 8,275 | 7,562 | 9.4 | 41.28 | 200.5 |
| Richmond | Metro Vancouver | November 10, 1879 | 9[54] | 209,937 | 198,309 | 5.9 | 128.87 | 1629.0 |
| Rossland | Kootenay Boundary | March 18, 1897 | 7[55] | 4,140 | 3,729 | 11.0 | 59.72 | 69.3 |
| Salmon Arm | Columbia Shuswap | May 15, 1905 | 7[56] | 19,432 | 17,706 | 9.7 | 155.19 | 125.2 |
| Surrey | Metro Vancouver | November 10, 1879 | 9[57] | 568,322 | 517,887 | 9.7 | 316.11 | 1797.9 |
| Terrace | Kitimat–Stikine | December 31, 1927 | 7[58] | 12,017 | 11,643 | 3.2 | 57.33 | 209.6 |
| Trail | Kootenay Boundary | June 14, 1901 | 7[59] | 7,920 | 7,709 | 2.7 | 34.90 | 226.9 |
| Vancouver[BC 1] | Metro Vancouver | April 6, 1886 | 11[60] | 662,248 | 631,486 | 4.9 | 115.18 | 5749.9 |
| Vernon | North Okanagan | December 30, 1892 | 7[61] | 44,519 | 40,116 | 11.0 | 96.43 | 461.7 |
| Victoria[BC 2] | Capital | August 2, 1862 | 9[62] | 91,867 | 85,792 | 7.1 | 19.45 | 4722.3 |
| West Kelowna | Central Okanagan | June 26, 2015[63] | 7[64] | 36,078 | 32,655 | 10.5 | 122.09 | 295.5 |
| White Rock | Metro Vancouver | April 15, 1957 | 7[65] | 21,939 | 19,952 | 10.0 | 5.17 | 4240.6 |
| Williams Lake | Cariboo | March 15, 1929 | 7[66] | 10,947 | 10,753 | 1.8 | 33.12 | 330.5 |
| Total cities | — | — | 3,630,140 | 3,367,053 | 7.8 | 4497.15 | 807.2 |
Notes:

A community in Manitoba may seek city status once reaching a population of 7,500.[67] Manitoba's newest city is Morden, which changed from town to city status on August 24, 2012.[67]
Manitoba has 10 cities.
| Name | Population (2021)[68] | Population (2016)[68] | Change (%)[68] | Area (km2)[68] | Population density (2021)[68] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brandon | 51,313 | 48,883 | +5.0% | 79.04 | 649.2 |
| Dauphin[MB 1] | 8,368 | 8,369 | 0.0% | 12.67 | 660.5 |
| Flin Flon (part)[MB 2] | 4,940 | 4,991 | −1.0% | 13.14[MB 3] | 376.1 |
| Morden[MB 4] | 9,929 | 8,668 | +14.5% | 16.29 | 609.6 |
| Portage la Prairie | 13,270 | 13,304 | −0.3% | 24.72 | 536.8 |
| Selkirk | 10,504 | 10,278 | +2.2% | 24.47 | 429.3 |
| Steinbach | 17,806 | 16,022 | +11.1% | 37.56 | 474.1 |
| Thompson | 13,035 | 13,678 | −4.7% | 16.62 | 784.3 |
| Winkler | 13,747 | 12,660 | +8.6% | 20.73 | 663.1 |
| Winnipeg[MB 5] | 749,607 | 705,224 | +6.3% | 461.78 | 1,623.3 |
| Total cities | 892,507 | 841,880 | +6.0% | 707.02 | 1,262.35 |
Notes:

New Brunswick has eight cities.
| Name | County | Incorporation date[69] | Council type[70] | Council size[71] | 2021 Census of Population[72] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2021) |
Population (2016) |
Change | Land area (km2) |
Population density | |||||
| Bathurst | Gloucester | January 1, 1966 | Hybrid[NB 1] | 9 | 12,157 | 11,897 | +2.2% | 91.62 | 132.7/km2 |
| Campbellton | Restigouche | January 1, 1958 | Ward | 10 | 7,047 | 6,883 | +2.4% | 18.57 | 379.5/km2 |
| Dieppe | Westmorland | January 1, 2003[74] | Ward | 8 | 28,114 | 25,384 | +10.8% | 77.02 | 365.0/km2 |
| Edmundston | Madawaska | April 29, 1952 | Ward | 10 | 16,437 | 16,580 | −0.9% | 106.84 | 153.8/km2 |
| Fredericton | Sunbury & York | March 30, 1848 | Ward | 12 | 63,116 | 58,721 | +7.5% | 133.93 | 471.3/km2 |
| Miramichi | Northumberland | January 1, 1995[75] | At-large | 8 | 17,692 | 17,537 | +0.9% | 178.98 | 98.8/km2 |
| Moncton | Westmorland | April 23, 1890[76] | Ward | 10 | 79,470 | 71,889 | +10.5% | 140.67 | 564.9/km2 |
| Saint John | Saint John | May 18, 1785[77] | Ward | 10 | 69,895 | 67,575 | +3.4% | 315.59 | 221.5/km2 |
| Total cities | 293,928 | 276,466 | +6.3% | 1,063.22 | 276.5/km2 | ||||
| New Brunswick | 775,610 | 747,101 | +3.8% | 71,248.5 | 10.9/km2 | ||||
Notes:
Newfoundland and Labrador has three cities.
| Name | Population (2021)[78] | Population (2016)[78] | Change (%)[78] | Area (km2)[78] | Population density[78] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corner Brook[NL 1] | 19,333 | 19,806 | −2.4% | 147.88 | 130.7 |
| Mount Pearl[NL 2] | 22,477 | 23,120 | −2.8% | 15.65 | 1,436.2 |
| St. John's[NL 3] | 110,525 | 108,860 | +1.5% | 446.02 | 247.8 |
| Total cities | 152,335 | 151,786 | +0.4% | 609.55 | 249.9 |
Notes:
As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in the Northwest Territories is its capital, Yellowknife.
| Name | Population (2021)[79] | Population (2016)[79] | Change (%)[79] | Area (km2)[79] | Population density[79] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellowknife | 20,340 | 19,569 | +3.9% | 103.37 | 196.8 |

Nova Scotia no longer has any incorporated cities, as they were amalgamated into regional municipalities in the 1990s.
As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in Nunavut is its capital, Iqaluit.
| Name | Population (2021)[80] | Population (2016)[80] | Change (%)[80] | Area (km2)[80] | Population density[80] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iqaluit | 7,429 | 7,740 | −4.0% | 51.58 | 144.0 |
Ontario has 52 cities. In Ontario, city status is conferred by the provincial government, generally upon the request of the incorporated municipality. A municipality may apply for city status anytime after its population surpasses 10,000. This status is not automatically conferred on a community that reaches this population target, but must be requested by the municipality and granted by the provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Not all municipalities which reach this population target have pursued city designation. For example, Ajax, Oakville, and Whitby, which all had populations greater than 100,000 in 2011, are still designated as towns.[81] Once designated a city, however, a municipality does not lose this status even if its population later falls back below 10,000 (as, for example, Dryden). Ontario's newest city is Richmond Hill, which changed from town to city status on March 25, 2019.[82]
| Name[83][81] | Municipal status[83] | Census division[83][84] | Population (2021)[85] | Population (2016)[85] | Change (%)[85] | Area (km2)[85] | Population density[85] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barrie[ON 1] | Single-tier | Simcoe | 147,829 | 141,434 | +4.5% | 99.01 | 1,493.1 |
| Belleville | Single-tier | Hastings | 55,071 | 50,716 | +8.6% | 247.15 | 222.8 |
| Brampton | Lower-tier | Peel | 656,480 | 593,638 | +10.6% | 265.89 | 2,469.0 |
| Brant | Single-tier | Brant | 39,474 | 35,640 | +10.8% | 817.66 | 48.3 |
| Brantford[ON 2] | Single-tier | Brant | 104,688 | 98,563 | +6.2% | 98.65 | 1,061.2 |
| Brockville | Single-tier | Leeds and Grenville | 22,116 | 21,569 | +2.5% | 20.91 | 1,057.7 |
| Burlington | Lower-tier | Halton | 186,948 | 183,314 | +2.0% | 186.12 | 1,004.4 |
| Cambridge[ON 3] | Lower-tier | Waterloo | 138,479 | 129,920 | +6.6% | 112.99 | 1,225.6 |
| Clarence-Rockland | Lower-tier | Prescott and Russell | 26,505 | 24,512 | +8.1% | 297.47 | 89.1 |
| Cornwall | Single-tier | Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry | 47,845 | 46,589 | +2.7% | 61.50 | 778.0 |
| Dryden[ON 4] | Single-tier | Kenora | 7,388 | 7,749 | −4.7% | 65.58 | 112.7 |
| Elliot Lake | Single-tier | Algoma | 11,372 | 10,741 | +5.9% | 696.06 | 16.3 |
| Greater Sudbury[ON 5] | Single-tier | Sudbury | 166,004 | 161,531 | +2.8% | 3,186.26 | 52.1 |
| Guelph | Single-tier | Wellington | 143,740 | 131,794 | +9.1% | 87.43 | 1,644.1 |
| Haldimand County | Single-tier | Haldimand | 49,216 | 45,608 | +7.9% | 1,250.45 | 39.4 |
| Hamilton[ON 6] | Single-tier | Hamilton | 569,353 | 536,917 | +6.0% | 1,118.31 | 509.1 |
| Kawartha Lakes | Single-tier | Kawartha Lakes | 79,247 | 75,423 | +5.1% | 3,033.66 | 26.1 |
| Kenora | Single-tier | Kenora | 14,967 | 15,096 | −0.9% | 211.65 | 70.7 |
| Kingston | Single-tier | Frontenac | 132,485 | 123,798 | +7.0% | 451.58 | 293.4 |
| Kitchener[ON 7] | Lower-tier | Waterloo | 256,885 | 233,222 | +10.1% | 136.81 | 1,877.7 |
| London[ON 8] | Single-tier | Middlesex | 422,324 | 383,822 | +10.0% | 420.50 | 1,004.3 |
| Markham | Lower-tier | York | 338,503 | 328,966 | +2.9% | 210.93 | 1,604.8 |
| Mississauga[ON 9] | Lower-tier | Peel | 717,961 | 721,599 | −0.5% | 292.74 | 2,452.6 |
| Niagara Falls[ON 10] | Lower-tier | Niagara | 94,415 | 88,071 | +7.2% | 210.25 | 449.1 |
| Norfolk County | Single-tier | Norfolk | 67,490 | 64,044 | +5.4% | 1,597.68 | 42.2 |
| North Bay | Single-tier | Nipissing | 52,662 | 51,553 | +2.2% | 315.53 | 166.9 |
| Orillia | Single-tier | Simcoe | 33,411 | 31,166 | +7.2% | 28.53 | 1,171.1 |
| Oshawa[ON 11] | Lower-tier | Durham | 175,383 | 159,458 | +10.0% | 145.72 | 1,203.6 |
| Ottawa[ON 12] | Single-tier | Ottawa | 1,017,449 | 934,243 | +8.9% | 2,788.20 | 364.9 |
| Owen Sound | Lower-tier | Grey | 21,612 | 21,341 | +1.3% | 24.21 | 892.7 |
| Pembroke[ON 13] | Single-tier | Renfrew | 14,364 | 13,882 | +3.5% | 14.32 | 1,003.1 |
| Peterborough[ON 14] | Single-tier | Peterborough | 83,651 | 81,032 | +3.2% | 64.76 | 1,291.7 |
| Pickering | Lower-tier | Durham | 99,186 | 91,771 | +8.1% | 231.10 | 429.2 |
| Port Colborne | Lower-tier | Niagara | 20,033 | 18,306 | +9.4% | 121.99 | 164.2 |
| Prince Edward County | Single-tier | Prince Edward | 25,704 | 24,735 | +3.9% | 1,052.61 | 24.4 |
| Quinte West | Single-tier | Hastings | 46,560 | 43,577 | +6.8% | 495.45 | 94.0 |
| Richmond Hill[ON 15] | Lower-tier | York | 202,022 | 195,022 | +3.6% | 100.79 | 2,004.4 |
| Sarnia | Lower-tier | Lambton | 72,047 | 71,594 | +0.6% | 163.90 | 439.6 |
| Sault Ste. Marie | Single-tier | Algoma | 72,051 | 73,368 | −1.8% | 221.99 | 324.6 |
| St. Catharines[ON 16] | Lower-tier | Niagara | 136,803 | 133,113 | +2.8% | 96.20 | 1,422.1 |
| St. Thomas | Single-tier | Elgin | 42,840 | 38,909 | +10.1% | 35.61 | 1,203.0 |
| Stratford | Single-tier | Perth | 33,232 | 31,470 | +5.6% | 30.02 | 1,107.0 |
| Temiskaming Shores | Single-tier | Timiskaming | 9,634 | 9,920 | −2.9% | 176.67 | 54.5 |
| Thorold | Lower-tier | Niagara | 23,816 | 18,801 | +26.7% | 83.29 | 285.9 |
| Thunder Bay[ON 17] | Single-tier | Thunder Bay | 108,843 | 107,909 | +0.9% | 327.77 | 332.1 |
| Timmins | Single-tier | Cochrane | 41,145 | 41,788 | −1.5% | 2,955.33 | 13.9 |
| Toronto[ON 18] | Single-tier | Toronto | 2,794,356 | 2,731,571 | +2.3% | 631.10 | 4,427.8 |
| Vaughan | Lower-tier | York | 323,103 | 306,233 | +5.5% | 272.44 | 1,186.0 |
| Waterloo[ON 19] | Lower-tier | Waterloo | 121,436 | 104,986 | +15.7% | 64.06 | 1,895.7 |
| Welland | Lower-tier | Niagara | 55,750 | 52,293 | +6.6% | 81.16 | 686.9 |
| Windsor[ON 20] | Single-tier | Essex | 229,660 | 217,188 | +5.7% | 146.02 | 1,572.8 |
| Woodstock | Lower-tier | Oxford | 46,705 | 41,098 | +13.6% | 56.46 | 827.2 |
| Total cities | — | — | 10,400,243 | 9,900,603 | +5.0% | 25,902.47 | 401.5 |
| Total lower-tier cities | — | — | 3,714,072 | 3,517,258 | +5.6% | 3,154.52 | 1,177.4 |
| Total single-tier cities | — | — | 6,686,171 | 6,383,345 | +4.7% | 22,747.95 | 293.9 |
Notes:
Prince Edward Island has two cities.
| Name | County | Population (2021)[86] | Population (2016)[86] | Change (%)[86] | Area (km2)[86] | Population density[86] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charlottetown[PE 1] | Queens | 38,809 | 36,094 | +7.5% | 44.27 | 876.6 |
| Summerside[PE 2] | Prince | 16,001 | 14,839 | +7.8% | 28.21 | 567.2 |
| Total cities | – | 54,810 | 50,933 | +7.6% | 72.48 | 756.2 |
Notes:
In Quebec, provincial law does not contain any cities at the current time, although the designation exists. — A ville, though legally a "township", may be informally referred to as a town or a city in English, but this is an arbitrary and subjective distinction. Quebec municipal types are cities (cités), townships (villes), and municipalités (municipalités).
Quebec has 223 villes.
Notes:
In Saskatchewan, Section 39(1) of The Cities Act indicates a town must have a population of 5,000 or more[88] and meet other criteria in order to incorporate as a city, although in the early 20th century several centres such as Saskatoon and Regina were granted city status despite having a smaller population. The City of Melville retains its city status despite dropping below 5,000 people in the 1990s. Kindersley has expressed an interest in applying for city status upon reaching the 5,000 milestone.[89] Saskatchewan's newest city is Warman, which changed from town to city status on October 24, 2012.[90]
Saskatchewan has 16 cities.
| Name | Rural municipality[91] | (city)[92] | (2021)[93] | (2016)[93] | Change (%)[93] |
(km2)[93] | (sq mi) | (/km2)[93] | (/sq mi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estevan | Estevan No. 5 | March 1, 1957 | 10,851 | 11,483 | −5.5% | 18.30 | 7.07 | 593.0 | 1,536 |
| Flin Flon (part)[SK 1] | — | — | 159[SK 2] | 203 | −21.7% | 2.01[SK 3] | 0.78 | 79.1 | 205 |
| Humboldt | Humboldt No. 370 | November 7, 2000 | 6,033 | 5,869 | +2.8% | 13.30 | 5.14 | 453.6 | 1,175 |
| Lloydminster (part)[SK 4] | Britannia No. 502 Wilton No. 472 |
January 1, 1958 | 11,843[SK 5] | 11,765 | +0.7% | 18.06[SK 6] | 6.97 | 655.8 | 1,699 |
| Martensville[SK 7] | Corman Park No. 344 | November 3, 2009 | 10,549 | 9,655 | +9.3% | 13.56 | 5.24 | 777.9 | 2,015 |
| Meadow Lake | Meadow Lake No. 588 | November 9, 2009 | 5,322 | 5,344 | −0.4% | 12.37 | 4.78 | 430.2 | 1,114 |
| Melfort | Star City No. 428 | September 2, 1980 | 5,955 | 5,992 | −0.6% | 14.73 | 5.69 | 404.3 | 1,047 |
| Melville[SK 8] | Cana No. 214 | August 1, 1960 | 4,493 | 4,562 | −1.5% | 14.78 | 5.71 | 304.0 | 787 |
| Moose Jaw | Moose Jaw No. 161 | November 20, 1903 | 33,665 | 33,910 | −0.7% | 65.81 | 25.41 | 511.5 | 1,325 |
| North Battleford | North Battleford No. 437 | May 1, 1913 | 13,836 | 14,315 | −3.3% | 33.55 | 12.95 | 412.4 | 1,068 |
| Prince Albert | Prince Albert No. 461 | October 8, 1904 | 37,756 | 35,926 | +5.1% | 67.17 | 25.93 | 562.1 | 1,456 |
| Regina[SK 9] | Sherwood No. 159 | June 19, 1903 | 226,404 | 215,106 | +5.3% | 178.81 | 69.04 | 1,266.2 | 3,279 |
| Saskatoon[SK 10] | Corman Park No. 344 | May 26, 1906 | 266,141 | 247,201 | +7.7% | 226.56 | 87.48 | 1,174.7 | 3,042 |
| Swift Current | Swift Current No. 137 | January 15, 1914 | 16,750 | 16,604 | +0.9% | 29.30 | 11.31 | 571.7 | 1,481 |
| Warman[SK 11] | Corman Park No. 344 | October 27, 2012 | 12,419 | 11,020 | +12.7% | 13.10 | 5.06 | 948.0 | 2,455 |
| Weyburn | Weyburn No. 67 | September 1, 1913 | 11,019 | 10,870 | +1.4% | 19.03 | 7.35 | 579.0 | 1,500 |
| Yorkton | Orkney No. 244 | February 1, 1928 | 16,280 | 16,343 | −0.4% | 36.19 | 13.97 | 449.8 | 1,165 |
| Total cities | — | — | 689,475 | 656,168 | +5.1% | 776.63 | 299.86 | 887.8 | 2,299 |
Notes:
As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in the Yukon is its capital, Whitehorse. Dawson was also previously incorporated as a city, but when the criteria were changed in the 1980s, its status was reduced to that of a town due to population. Through special provision, however, it was officially the town of the city of Dawson until 2001.[94]
| Name | Population (2021)[95] | Population (2016)[95] | Change (%)[95] | Area (km2)[95] | Population density[95] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whitehorse | 28,201 | 25,085 | +12.4% | 413.94 | 68.1 |
The City was incorporated under the provisions of the Province of New Brunswick Municipalities Act on January 1, 1995.
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This is a list of incorporated cities in Canada, in alphabetical order categorized by province or territory. More thorough lists of communities are available for each province.
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