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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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Website type | Competitive programming |
|---|---|
| Available in | English, Russian |
Country of origin | Russia |
| Owner | Mikhail Mirzayanov |
| Creator | Mikhail Mirzayanov |
| Website | codeforces |
| Users | 1.7 million (2024 estimate)[1] |
| Launched | April 10, 2009 |
| Current status | Active |
Codeforces (Russian: Кодфорсес, sometimes written as CF) is a website (founded 2009) that hosts competitive programming contests.[2] It is maintained by a group of competitive programmers from ITMO University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov.[3] Since 2013, Codeforces claims to surpass site TopCoder (founded 2001, which also has a significant competitive programming component) in terms of active contestants.[4] Codeforces along with other similar websites are used by some sport programmers, like Gennady Korotkevich, Petr Mitrichev, Benjamin Qi and Makoto Soejima, and by other programmers interested in furthering their careers.[5][6][7]
Codeforces is a platform where people generally practice competitive programming[8][9][10][11] and it offers the following features:
Contestants are rated by a system similar to Elo rating system. There are usually no prizes for winners, though several times a year special contests are held, in which top-performing contestants receive T-shirts. Some bigger contests are hosted on Codeforces base, among them "The Lyft Level 5 Challenge 2018", provided by Lyft[16] or "Microsoft Q# Coding Contest — Summer 2018" provided by Microsoft.[17]
Contestants are divided into ranks based on their ratings. Since May 2018, users with ratings between 1900 and 2099 can be rated in both Div. 1 and Div. 2 contests. At the same time, Div. 3 was created for users rated below 1600. There is also a Div. 4, which is for users rated below 1400.[18]
| Rating range | Title | Division |
|---|---|---|
| ≥ 4000 | eponym | 1 |
| 3000 — 3999 | Legendary Grandmaster | 1 |
| 2600 — 2999 | International Grandmaster | 1 |
| 2400 — 2599 | Grandmaster | 1 |
| 2300 — 2399 | International Master | 1 |
| 2100 — 2299 | Master | 1 |
| 1900 — 2099 | Candidate Master | 1/2 |
| 1600 — 1899 | Expert | 2 |
| 1400 — 1599 | Specialist | 2/3 |
| 1200 — 1399 | Pupil | 2/3/4 |
| ≤ 1199 | Newbie | 2/3/4 |
During the period of time when the user tourist (Gennady Korotkevich) had a rating of >4000, he was given the title "tourist";[19] likewise, during the time when the user jiangly (Lingyu Jiang) had a rating of >4000, he was given the title "jiangly".[20]
Codeforces was created by a group of competitive programmers from Saratov State University led by Mike Mirzayanov. It was originally created for those interested in solving tasks and taking part in competitions.[3] The first Codeforces Round was held on February 19, 2010 with 175 participants. As of the end of November 2025, over 1000 rounds were held, with over 11000 registered competitors per round on average.[citation needed] Before 2012, Codeforces Rounds were titled "Codeforces Beta Rounds" to indicate that the system was still under development.[citation needed]
Codeforces is recommended by many universities.[21][22] According to Daniel Sleator, professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, competitive programming is valuable in computer science education, because competitors learn to adapt classic algorithms to new problems, thereby improving their understanding of algorithmic concepts. He has used Codeforces problems in his class, 15-295: Competition Programming and Problem Solving.[23] At the National University of Singapore, Codeforces rating is also used as an entrance qualifying criterion for registering for a 4-unit course, CS3233 Competitive Programming, as students have to achieve a rating of at least 1559 to be able to register for the course.[24]
Codeforces — a Russian competitive coding site with contestants from around the world
Difference between HackerRank, LeetCode, Topcoder and Codeforces: "Topcoder and Codeforces is a website that's typically used when preparing for actual competitive programming contests"
CodeForces questions are more similar to questions in competitive programming
At the moment, the most active contest site is Codeforces, which organizes contests about weekly.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Codeforces (Russian: Кодфорсес, sometimes written as CF) is a website (founded 2009) that hosts competitive programming contests. It is maintained by a group of competitive programmers from ITMO University led by Mikhail Mirzayanov. Since 2013, Codeforces claims to surpass site TopCoder (founded 2001, which also has a significant competitive programming component) in terms of active contestants. Codeforces along with other similar websites are used by some sport programmers, like Gennady Korotkevich, Petr Mitrichev, Benjamin Qi and Makoto Soejima, and by other programmers interested in furthering their careers.
Gennady Korotkevich (Belarusian: Генадзь Караткевіч, Hienadź Karatkievič, Russian: Геннадий Короткевич; born 25 September 1994) is a Belarusian competitive sport programmer who has won major international competitions since the age of 11, as well as numerous national competitions. Widely regarded as the greatest competitive sport programmer of all time, his top accomplishments include six consecutive gold medals in the International Olympiad in Informatics as well as the world championship in the 2013 and 2015 International Collegiate Programming Contest World Finals. As of October 2023, Korotkevich is the highest-rated programmer on CodeChef, Topcoder, AtCoder and HackerRank. On 30 August 2024, he achieved a historic rating of 4009 on Codeforces, becoming the first to break the 4000 barrier.
The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming competition and one of the International Science Olympiads for secondary school students. The first IOI was held in 1989 in Pravetz, Bulgaria. Each country sends a team of up to four students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and guests. Students in each country are selected for their country's team through national computing contests. Students at the IOI compete on an individual basis. There is no official team ranking. The contest consists of two days of solving six complicated algorithmic tasks by writing computer programs in C++. All task materials are published on each year's contest website soon after the competition ends.
Timber Creek High School is a public high school located in Orlando, Florida, within the Orange County Public Schools system. Its primary mascot is a wolf, and its principal is Marc Wasko.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
