Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
In mathematics, a topological space is called collectionwise normal if for every discrete family Fi (i ∈ I) of closed subsets of there exists a pairwise disjoint family of open sets Ui (i ∈ I), such that Fi ⊆ Ui. Here a family of subsets of is called discrete when every point of has a neighbourhood that intersects at most one of the sets from . An equivalent definition[1] of collectionwise normal demands that the above Ui (i ∈ I) themselves form a discrete family, which is a priori stronger than pairwise disjoint.
Some authors assume that is also a T1 space as part of the definition, but no such assumption is made here.
The property is intermediate in strength between paracompactness and normality, and occurs in metrization theorems.
A topological space X is called hereditarily collectionwise normal if every subspace of X with the subspace topology is collectionwise normal.
In the same way that hereditarily normal spaces can be characterized in terms of separated sets, there is an equivalent characterization for hereditarily collectionwise normal spaces. A family of subsets of X is called a separated family if for every i, we have , with cl denoting the closure operator in X, in other words if the family of is discrete in its union. The following conditions are equivalent:[3]
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In mathematics, a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is called collectionwise normal if for every discrete family Fi (i ∈ I) of closed subsets of X {\displaystyle X} there exists a pairwise disjoint family of open sets Ui (i ∈ I), such that Fi ⊆ Ui. Here a family F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} of subsets of X {\displaystyle X} is called discrete when every point of X {\displaystyle X} has a neighbourhood that intersects at most one of the sets from F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} . An equivalent definition of collectionwise normal demands that the above Ui (i ∈ I) themselves form a discrete family, which is a priori stronger than pairwise disjoint. Some authors assume that X {\displaystyle X} is also a T1 space as part of the definition, but no such assumption is made here. The property is intermediate in strength between paracompactness and normality, and occurs in metrization theorems.
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a normal space is a topological space in which any two disjoint closed sets have disjoint open neighborhoods. Such spaces need not be Hausdorff in general. A normal Hausdorff space is called a T4 space. Strengthenings of these concepts are detailed in the article below and include completely normal spaces and perfectly normal spaces, and their Hausdorff variants: T5 spaces and T6 spaces. All these conditions are examples of separation axioms.
In mathematics, in the field of topology, a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is said to be collectionwise Hausdorff if given any closed discrete subset of X {\displaystyle X} , there is a pairwise disjoint family of open sets with each point of the discrete subset contained in exactly one of the open sets. Here a subset S ⊆ X {\displaystyle S\subseteq X} being discrete has the usual meaning of being a discrete space with the subspace topology (i.e., all points of S {\displaystyle S} are isolated in S {\displaystyle S} ).
In mathematics, specifically in the field of topology, a monotonically normal space is a particular kind of normal space, defined in terms of a monotone normality operator. It satisfies some interesting properties; for example metric spaces and linearly ordered spaces are monotonically normal, and every monotonically normal space is hereditarily normal.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.