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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Compact MPV (an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and large MPV (minivan) size classes.
Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American, African, and Asian markets. As of 2016[update], the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.
The flexibility of the interior seating is a common theme amongst compact MPVs. Many models have seats that can be individually folded or easily removed, and the upright seating positions maximises use of the interior space. The seating arrangement is usually either two rows (for a total of five seats) or three rows (for a total of seven seats), with the second row having three seats and the other row(s) having two seats.
Some compact MPVs also have three seats in both the front and rear rows, and are therefore referred to as six-seaters.
Where a third row of seats is present, the seats are often smaller and intended for children or short distance travel only. In some cars, these seats can only carry a limited weight (less than an adult's weight). The third row of seating is usually optional, and is not available on all models of compact MPVs.
Most compact MPVs do not have sliding doors as compared to the large-sized Multi-purpose vehicle, being more similar to the older (and concurrent) station wagons.
Predecessors to the compact MPV segment are the 1977 AMC Concept 80 AM Van, the 1978 Lancia Megagamma and the 1982 Lada X-1 concept cars.[1][2][3]
Early production models of compact MPVs include, the 1982 Nissan Prairie and the 1991 Mitsubishi RVR (marketed as "Space Runner" in Europe and "Expo LRV" in the United States).[4][5] Others include the "well-reviewed but slow-selling" 1984–87 Honda Civic Wagon and the 1982-1988 Tercel Wagon.[6] The Nissan Axxess had limited space behind its second row seats, but featured rear sliding doors on both sides making it like a minivan that was "shrunk in the dryer."[7] Although not classified at the time as MPVs, but variously described as space-efficient small people movers, functional high station wagons, or small vans.[6] Examples of models – that consumers in the U.S. seemed to avoid because of "resistance to obvious utility" – include the "mini-minivan" 3-door hatchback wagons with a sliding side door on only the passenger side that were marketed as the Eagle Summit Wagon, Mitsubishi Expo, and Plymouth Colt Vista.[6][8]
Some claim that the 1996 Renault Scénic is credited with creating the compact MPV segment.[9]
The 1999 Opel/Vauxhall/Chevrolet Zafira was the first compact MPV with seven seats.[citation needed]
The five highest selling compact MPVs in Europe in 2018 were the Renault Scénic, Volkswagen Touran, Citroën C4 Picasso, BMW 2 Series Active Tourer / Gran Tourer and Mercedes-Benz B-Class.[10]
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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Compact MPV (an abbreviation for Compact Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the middle size of MPVs. The Compact MPV size class sits between the mini MPV and large MPV (minivan) size classes. Compact MPVs remain predominantly a European phenomenon, although they are also built and sold in many Latin American, African, and Asian markets. As of 2016, the only compact MPV sold widely in the United States was the Ford C-Max.
Mini MPV (an abbreviation for mini multipurpose vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the smallest size of minivans/multipurpose vehicles (MPVs). The mini MPV size class sits below the compact MPV size class, and the vehicles are often built on the platforms of B-segment hatchback models. By the European definition, the mini MPV commonly consists of vans with two rows of seats, while in Asia, mini MPVs with three rows are common. Sliding doors are sometimes also fitted to mini MPVs, which are also called tall-hatchbacks or small MPVs.
A minivan, commonly known as a van, is a car classification for vehicles designed to transport passengers in the rear seating row(s), with reconfigurable seats in two or three rows. The equivalent classification in Europe is MPV (multi-purpose vehicle), people carrier, or M-segment. Compared with a full-size van, most minivans are based on a passenger car platform and have a lower body. Early models, such as the Ford Aerostar and Chevrolet Astro, utilized a compact pickup truck platform. Minivans often feature a 'one-box' or 'two-box' body configuration, a higher roof, a flat floor, sliding doors for rear passengers, and high 'H-point' seating. The largest minivan size is also referred to as 'Large MPV' and became popular following the introduction of the 1984 Dodge Caravan and Renault Espace. Typically, these are based on platforms derived from D-segment passenger cars or compact pickups. Since the 1990s, the smaller compact MPV and mini MPV sizes of minivans have also become popular. Although predecessors to the minivan date back to the 1930s, the contemporary minivan body style was developed concurrently by several companies in the early 1980s, most notably by Chrysler (producer of the Chrysler minivans) and Renault (the Renault Espace), both of which were first sold in model year 1984. Minivans cut into and eventually overshadowed the traditional station wagon market, growing in global popularity and diversity throughout the 1990s. Since the 2000s, their reception has varied across the world. In North America, for example, they have been largely eclipsed by crossovers and SUVs, while in Asia, they are often marketed as luxury cars.
The Kia Carens (Korean: 기아 카렌스) is a compact MPV manufactured by Kia since 1999, spanning over four generations, and was marketed worldwide under various nameplates, prominently as the Kia Rondo. The initial three generations had an MPV body style. They were marketed worldwide, with presence in their home country, South Korea, in Europe, and North America since the second generation. The fourth-generation model came out in the end of 2021, retaining the MPV body style, with some different approach in terms of design and targeted markets, as it was developed as a "strategic model" for the Indian market, and it adopts a crossover-inspired exterior design. The name "Carens" derives from the word "car" and "renaissance", while the name "Rondo" derives from the musical term Rondo.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.