Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This article may contain original research. (April 2026) |
This article or section possibly contains original synthesis. Source material should verifiably mention and relate to the main topic. (April 2026) |
This comparison covers notable software licenses which are approved by at least one of the following expert groups: the Free Software Foundation, the Open Source Initiative, the Debian Project, or the Fedora Project.
FOSS stands for "Free and Open Source Software". There is no one universally agreed-upon definition of FOSS software and various groups maintain approved lists of licenses. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is one such organization keeping a list of open-source licenses.[1] The Free Software Foundation (FSF) maintains a list of what it considers free.[2] FSF's free software and OSI's open-source licenses together are called FOSS licenses. There are licenses accepted by the OSI which are not free as per the Free Software Definition. The Open Source Definition allows for further restrictions like price, type of contribution and origin of the contribution, e.g. the case of the NASA Open Source Agreement, which requires the code to be "original" work.[3][4] The OSI does not endorse FSF license analysis (interpretation) as per their disclaimer.[5]
The FSF's Free Software Definition focuses on the user's unrestricted rights to use a program, to study and modify it, to copy it, and to redistribute it for any purpose, which are considered by the FSF the four essential freedoms.[6][7] The OSI's open-source criteria focuses on the availability of the source code and the advantages of an unrestricted and community driven development model.[8] Yet, many FOSS licenses, like the Apache License, and all Free Software licenses allow commercial use of FOSS components.[9]
This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, values used in the below table are not defined and some are ambiguous. (May 2020) |
For a simpler comparison across the most common licenses see free-software license comparison.
The following table compares various features of each license and is a general guide to the terms and conditions of each license, based on seven subjects or categories. Recent tools like the European Commissions' Licensing Assistant,[10] makes possible the licenses selection and comparison based on more than 40 subjects or categories, with access to their SPDX identifier and full text. The table below lists the permissions and limitations regarding the following subjects:
In this table, "permissive" means the software has minimal restrictions on how it can be used, modified, and redistributed, usually including a warranty disclaimer. "Copyleft" means the software requires that its source code be made available to each user and that all provisions in the license be preserved in derivative works.
| License | Author | Latest version | Publication date | Linking | Distribution | Modification | Patent grant | Private use | Sublicensing | TM grant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic Free License[11] | Lawrence E. Rosen | 3.0 | 2002 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Yes | Yes | Permissive | No |
| Affero General Public License | Affero Inc | 3.0 | 2007 | Copylefted[12] | Copyleft except for the GNU AGPL[13] | Copyleft[13] | ? | Yes[13] | ? | ? |
| Apache License | Apache Software Foundation | 2.0 | 2004 | Permissive[14] | Permissive[14] | Permissive[14] | Yes[14] | Yes[14] | Permissive[14] | No[14] |
| Apple Public Source License | Apple Computer | 2.0 | August 6, 2003 | Permissive | ? | Limited | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Artistic License | Larry Wall | 2.0 | 2000 | With restrictions | With restrictions | With restrictions | No | Permissive | With restrictions | No |
| Beerware | Poul-Henning Kamp | 42 | 1998[a] | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | No | Permissive | Permissive | No |
| BSD License | Regents of the University of California | N/a | ? | Permissive[15] | Permissive[15] | Permissive[15] | Manually[15] | Yes[15] | No[16] | Manually[15] |
| Boost Software License | Devin Smith[17] | 1.0 | August 17, 2003 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | No | Permissive | With restrictions | No |
| Creative Commons Zero | Creative Commons | 1.0 | 2009 | Public Domain[18][19] | Public Domain | Public Domain | No | Public Domain | No[20] | No |
| CC BY | Creative Commons | 4.0 | 2002 | Permissive[21] | Permissive | Permissive | No | Yes | No[22] | No |
| CC BY-SA | Creative Commons | 4.0 | 2002 | Copylefted[21] | Copylefted | Copylefted | No | Yes | No[23] | No |
| CeCILL | CEA / CNRS / INRIA | 2.1 | June 21, 2013 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | No | Permissive | With restrictions | No |
| Common Development and Distribution License | Sun Microsystems | 1.0 | December 1, 2004 | Permissive | ? | Limited | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Common Public License | IBM | 1.0 | May 2001 | Permissive | ? | Copylefted | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Cryptix General License | Cryptix Foundation | N/a | 1995 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Manually | Yes | ? | Manually |
| Eclipse Public License | Eclipse Foundation | 2.0 | August 24, 2017 | Permissive[24] | Copylefted[24][25] | Copylefted[24] | Yes[24] | Yes[24] | Copylefted[24] | No[24] |
| Educational Community License | Indiana University[26] | 1.0 | 2007 | Permissive | ? | Permissive | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| European Union Public Licence | European Commission | 1.2 | May 2017 | Permissive, according to EU law (Recitals 10 & 15 Directive 2009/24/EC) | Copylefted, with an explicit compatibility list[27] | Copylefted, with an explicit compatibility list[27] | Yes[28] | yes, but network usage (communication to the public) is considered as a "distribution"[28] | Copylefted, with an explicit compatibility list[27] | No[28] |
| FreeBSD | The FreeBSD project | N/a | April 1999 | Permissive[29] | Permissive[29] | Permissive[29] | Manually[29] | Permissive[29] | No | Manually[29] |
| GLWTS License[30] | Anonymous | 1.0 | 2025 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Yes | Yes | Permissive | Yes |
| GNU Affero General Public License | Free Software Foundation | 3.0 | 2007 | GNU GPLv3 only[31] | Copylefted[32] | Copylefted[32] | Yes[33] | Network usage is not considered private use[33] | Copylefted[32] | Yes[33] |
| GNU General Public License | Free Software Foundation | 3.0 | June 2007 | GPLv3 compatible only[34][35] | Copylefted[32] | Copylefted[32] | Yes[36] | Yes[36] | Copylefted[32] | Yes[36] |
| GNU Lesser General Public License | Free Software Foundation | 3.0 | June 2007 | With restrictions[37] | Copylefted[32] | Copylefted[32] | Yes[38] | Yes | Copylefted[32] | Yes[38] |
| IBM Public License | IBM | 1.0 | August 1999 | Copylefted | ? | Copylefted | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ISC license | Internet Systems Consortium | N/a | June 2003 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Manually | Permissive | Permissive | Manually |
| LaTeX Project Public License | LaTeX project | 1.3c | ? | Permissive | ? | Permissive | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Microsoft Public License | Microsoft | N/a | ? | Copylefted | Copylefted | Copylefted | No | Permissive | ? | No |
| MIT license / X11 license | MIT | N/a | 1988 | Permissive[39] | Permissive[39] | Permissive[39] | Manually[39] | Yes[39] | Permissive[39] | Manually[39] |
| Mozilla Public License | Mozilla Foundation | 2.0 | January 3, 2012 | Permissive[40] | Copylefted[40] | Copylefted[40] | Yes[40] | Yes[40] | Copylefted[40] | No[40] |
| Netscape Public License | Netscape | 1.1 | ? | Limited | ? | Limited | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Open Software License[11] | Lawrence Rosen | 3.0 | 2005 | Permissive | Copylefted | Copylefted | Yes | Yes | Copylefted | ? |
| OpenSSL license | OpenSSL Project | N/a | ? | Permissive | ? | Permissive | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| PHP License[41] | PHP Group | 3.01 | 2019 | With restrictions | With restrictions | With restrictions | Yes | Yes | With restrictions | Manually |
| Python Software Foundation License | Python Software Foundation | 3.9.1 | May 10, 2020 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Yes | Permissive | Permissive | No |
| Q Public License | Trolltech | ? | ? | Limited | ? | Limited | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Ruby License | Yukihiro Matsumoto | 2.0 | 1995 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Yes | Permissive | Permissive | No |
| Sleepycat License | Sleepycat Software | N/a | 1996 | Permissive | With restrictions | Permissive | No | Yes | No | No |
| Unlicense | unlicense.org | 1 | December 2010 | Permissive/Public domain | Permissive/Public domain | Permissive/Public domain | ? | Permissive/Public domain | Permissive/Public domain | ? |
| W3C Software Notice and License | W3C | 20021231 | December 31, 2002 | Permissive | ? | Permissive | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License (WTFPL) | Banlu Kemiyatorn, Sam Hocevar | 2 | December 2004 | Permissive/Public domain | Permissive/Public domain | Permissive/Public domain | Implied | Yes | Yes | Implied |
| XCore Open Source License also separate "Hardware License Agreement" |
XMOS | ? | February 2011 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Manually | Yes | Permissive | ? |
| XFree86 1.1 License | The XFree86 Project, Inc | ? | ? | Permissive | ? | Permissive | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| zlib/libpng license | Jean-Loup Gailly and Mark Adler | N/a | April 15, 1995 | Permissive | Permissive | Permissive | Manually | Yes | Permissive | Manually |
Other licenses that don't have information:
| license | Author | Latest version | Publication date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eiffel Forum License | NICE | 2 | 2002 |
| Intel Open Source License | Intel Corporation | N/a | ? |
| RealNetworks Public Source License | RealNetworks | ? | ? |
| Reciprocal Public License | Scott Shattuck | 1.5 | 2007 |
| Sun Industry Standards Source License | Sun Microsystems | ? | ? |
| Sun Public License | Sun Microsystems | ? | ? |
| Sybase Open Watcom Public License | Open Watcom | N/a | 2003-01-28 |
| Zope Public License | Zope Foundation | 2.1 | ? |
| Server Side Public License | MongoDB | 1.0 | 2018-10-16 |
This table lists for each license what organizations from the FOSS community have approved it – be it as a "free software" or as an "open source" license – , how those organizations categorize it, and the license compatibility between them for a combined or mixed derivative work. Organizations usually approve specific versions of software licenses. For instance, a FSF approval means that the Free Software Foundation (FSF) considers a license to be free-software license. The FSF recommends at least "Compatible with GPL" and preferably copyleft. The OSI recommends a mix of permissive and copyleft licenses, the Apache License 2.0, 2- & 3-clause BSD license, GPL, LGPL, MIT license, MPL 2.0, CDDL and EPL.
While the OSI acknowledges these as potentially helpful resources for the community, it does not endorse any content, contributors or license interpretations from these websites.[...]The OSI does not promote or exclusively favor any of the above resources, but instead mentions them as a neutral, separate third-party.
CC0 was not explicitly rejected, but the License Review Committee was unable to reach consensus that it should be approved
No. Some of the requirements in GPLv3, such as the requirement to provide Installation Information, do not exist in GPLv2. As a result, the licenses are not compatible: if you tried to combine code released under both these licenses, you would violate section 6 of GPLv2. However, if code is released under GPL "version 2 or later," that is compatible with GPLv3 because GPLv3 is one of the options it permits.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
This article outlines the general features commonly found in various Internet forum software packages. It highlights major features that the manager of a forum might want and should expect to be commonly available in different forum software. These comparisons do not include remotely hosted services which use their own proprietary software, rather than offering a package for download which webmasters can host by themselves.
This comparison covers notable software licenses which are approved by at least one of the following expert groups: the Free Software Foundation, the Open Source Initiative, the Debian Project, or the Fedora Project.
Simple Machines Forum (SMF) software is an open-source web application that provides Internet forum and message board services. It is developed by Simple Machines. The name reflects the creator's initial goal of providing a website that could be operated by novice programmers and requires minimal server resources. Simple Machines won the forum-software.org best free forum software award in 2009.
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion platform where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are often longer than one line of text, and are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes publicly visible. The name comes from the forums of Ancient Rome. Forums have a specific set of jargon associated with them; for example, a single conversation is called a "thread" or "topic". A discussion forum is hierarchical or tree-like in structure; a forum can contain a number of sub-forums, each of which may have several topics. Depending on the forum's settings, users can be anonymous or have to register with the forum and then subsequently log in to post messages. On most forums, users do not have to log in to read existing messages.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.