Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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This is a comparison of web frameworks for front-end web development that are reliant on JavaScript code for their behavior.
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, Size column redundantly refers to developer download but may be confused with runtime size. (January 2026) |
JavaScript-based web application frameworks, such as React and Vue, provide extensive capabilities but come with associated trade-offs. These frameworks often extend or enhance features available through native web technologies, such as routing, component-based development, and state management. While native web standards, including Web Components, modern JavaScript APIs like Fetch and ES Modules, and browser capabilities like Shadow DOM, have advanced significantly, frameworks remain widely used for their ability to enhance developer productivity, offer structured patterns for large-scale applications, simplify handling edge cases, and provide tools for performance optimization.[8][9][10]
Frameworks can introduce abstraction layers that may contribute to performance overhead, larger bundle sizes, and increased complexity. Modern frameworks, such as React 18 and Vue 3, address these challenges with features like concurrent rendering, tree-shaking, and selective hydration. While these advancements improve rendering efficiency and resource management, their benefits depend on the specific application and implementation context. Lightweight frameworks, such as Svelte and Preact, take different architectural approaches, with Svelte eliminating the virtual DOM entirely in favor of compiling components to efficient JavaScript code, and Preact offering a minimal, compatible alternative to React. Framework choice depends on an application’s requirements, including the team’s expertise, performance goals, and development priorities.[8][9][10]
A newer category of web frameworks, including enhance.dev, Astro, and Fresh, leverages native web standards while minimizing abstractions and development tooling.[11][12][13] These solutions emphasize progressive enhancement, server-side rendering, and optimizing performance. Astro renders static HTML by default while hydrating only interactive parts. Fresh focuses on server-side rendering with zero runtime overhead. Enhance.dev prioritizes progressive enhancement patterns using Web Components. While these tools reduce reliance on client-side JavaScript by shifting logic to build-time or server-side execution, they still use JavaScript where necessary for interactivity. This approach makes them particularly suitable for performance-critical and content-focused applications.[8][9][10]
| Feature detection[14] | Yes | Yes [15] |
Yes | Yes [16] |
No [17][18] |
Yes [19] |
Yes | Yes [20] |
No [21] |
Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOM wrapped[22] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No [23] |
No [24][25] |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| XMLHttpRequest data retrieval |
Yes | Yes | Yes [26] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [27] |
Yes [28] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| WebSocket | Yes [26] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes [28] |
Yes [29] |
Yes | Yes | Via Plugin | Yes [30] | ||||||||
| Server push data retrieval | Yes [31] |
Yes [32] |
Yes [33] |
Yes [31] |
No | Via Plugin | Yes [34] |
Yes | ||||||||||||
| Other data retrieval | Yes: XML, HTML, CSV, ATOM, AMF, JSON | Yes: XML, HTML, CSV, ATOM [35] |
Yes: XML, SOAP, AMF, Ext.Direct | Yes: RPC, RequestFactory | Yes: XML, HTML | Yes: XML, JSON, CSV, TSV [27] |
Yes: XML, HTML | Yes: XML, HTML, CS, JSON, JSArray, CSV | ||||||||||||
| Drag and drop | Yes | Yes [36] |
Yes | With plugin [37] |
With plugins [38] |
Yes [39] |
Yes [40] |
Yes [41] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [42] | |||||||
| Simple visual effects | Yes | Yes | Yes [43] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [44] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [45] |
Yes [46] |
Yes | Yes | ||||
| Animation / advanced visual effects |
Yes | Yes [47] |
Yes [48] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [49] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [45] |
Yes | Yes [50] | |||||||
| Back button support / history management |
Yes [51] |
Yes | Yes [52] |
Yes [53] |
Yes | With plugins [54] |
No | With plugin [55] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| Input form widgets & validation | Yes | Yes | Yes [56] |
Yes | Yes | Yes: Validation requires plugin[57] |
With plugins [58] |
Yes [59] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [60][61] | |||||
| Grid | Yes | Yes [62] |
Yes | Yes | With plugins [63] |
Yes [64] |
With plugin [65] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [66] | ||||||||
| Hierarchical Tree | Yes | Yes [67] |
Yes [68] |
Yes [69] |
Yes | With plugins [70] |
Yes [71] |
With plugins [72] |
Yes | Yes [73] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [74] | |||||||
| Rich text editor | No | Yes | Yes [75] |
Yes [76] |
Yes | With plugins [77] |
Yes [78] |
Yes [79] |
Yes | Via plugin | Yes | Yes [80] | ||||||||
| Autocompletion tools | No | Yes [81] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [82] |
Yes [83] |
With plugin [84] |
Yes | With plugins | Yes | Yes | |||||||||
| HTML generation tools | No | Yes [85] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [78] |
Yes [86] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||
| Widgets themeable / skinnable | Yes | Yes [87] |
Yes | Yes [88] |
Yes [89] |
Yes [90] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||
| GUI resizable panels and modal dialogs | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [91] |
Yes | With plugins | Yes [92] |
Yes [93] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [94] |
Yes | ||||||||
| GUI page layout | Yes | Yes | Yes | With plugin [95] |
Yes [96][97] |
Yes [93] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [94] |
Yes [98] | ||||||||||
| Canvas support | Yes | Yes [99] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | With plugin [100] |
Yes [101] |
Yes [102] |
Yes | Yes | Yes [103] |
Yes | ||||||||
| Mobile/tablet support (touch events) | Yes | Yes | Yes [104] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | With plugin [105] |
With plugin [106] |
Yes [107] |
With plugin [108] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [109] |
Yes [110] | |||||
| Accessibility / graceful degradation[111] |
Yes | Yes [112] |
No | Yes | Yes [16] |
Yes [113] |
Yes | Yes [114] |
Yes | No [115] |
Degradation: No Accessibility: Yes |
Yes | Yes [116] | |||||||
| ARIA compliant | Yes [112] |
Yes [16] |
Yes [117] |
Yes [114] |
Yes | No | Yes | Yes [118] |
Yes | Yes [119] | ||||||||||
| Developer tools, Visual design | Yes [120][121] |
in progress [122] |
Yes [123][124][125] |
Yes | Yes [126][127] |
Yes [128][129][130] |
Yes [131][132] |
Yes [133] |
No | Yes | Yes [134][135] | |||||||||
| Offline storage[136] | Yes | No [137] |
Yes | Yes [138] |
Via Google Gears [139] |
With plugin [140] |
Yes [141] |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||
| Cross-browser 2d Vector Graphics[142] | Yes [143] |
Yes | With plugin [144] |
Yes [101] |
Yes [145] |
No | Yes [103] |
Yes (via Raphael)[146] | ||||||||||||
| Charting & Dashboard[147] | Yes | Yes [148] |
Yes [149] |
With plugin [150][151] |
Yes [152][153] |
No | Yes [154] |
Yes [155] | ||||||||||||
| RTL Support in UI Components | Yes | Yes | Yes | Depends on the plugin used | Yes [114] |
Yes | Yes | No | ||||||||||||
| Framework | Internet Explorer | Mozilla Firefox | Safari | Opera | Chrome | Edge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angular | Latest and extended support release | 2 most recent major versions | Latest and previous stable version | 2 most recent major versions | ||
| AngularJS (1.3) | 8+ (9+) | 4+ | 5+ | 11+ | 30+ | |
| Apache Royale | 9 (Edge --> 10) | 21 | 6 | 15 | 23 | |
| Dojo | 6+ | 3+[156] | 4[156] | 10.50+[156] | 3[156] | |
| Ember.js | 6+ | 3+ | 4+ | 10.6+ | 14+ | |
| Enyo | 8+[157] | >4[157] | >5[157] | >10[157] | ||
| Ext JS | 8+ | 45+ | 11+ | 43+ | 64+[158] | |
| Google Web Toolkit | 8+ | 1+ | 5+ | 9+ | 1+ | |
| jQuery (3.x) | 6+ (9+)[159] | 2+[159] | 3+[159] | 9+[159] | 1+[159] | |
| jQWidgets | 7+[160] | 2+[160] | 3+[160] | 9+[160] | 1+[160] | |
| MooTools | 6+ | 2+ | 3+ | 9+ | 1+ | |
| Prototype & script. aculo.us[4] | 6+ | 1.5+ | 2.0.4+ | 9.25+ | 1+ (starting with 1.6.1RC3) | |
| qooxdoo | 6+ | 2+ | 3+ | 9+ | 2+ | |
| React | 9+[161] | |||||
| SAP OpenUI5[162] | 11+ | Latest Stable and ESR | Last 2 | Latest Version | ||
| SproutCore | 6+ | 3+ | 4+ | 9+ | 1+ | |
| Svelte | 21+ | 6+ | 15+ | 23+ | 12+ | |
| Vue | 10+ | 21+ | 6+ | 15+ | 23+ | 12+ |
| ZK | 6+ | 2.0+ | 3+ | 9+ | 2+ | |
| Webix | 11+[163] | 93+[163] | 5+[163] | 95+[163] | 95+[163] | 95+[163] |
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
This is a comparison of web frameworks for front-end web development that are reliant on JavaScript code for their behavior.
There are different JavaScript charting libraries available. Below is a comparison of which features are available in each.
This is a list of notable JavaScript libraries.
This page is a comparison of electronic design automation (EDA) software which is used today to design the near totality of electronic devices. Modern electronic devices are too complex to be designed without the help of a computer. Electronic devices may consist of integrated circuits (ICs), integrated circuit substrates, printed circuit boards (PCBs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or a combination of them. Integrated circuits may consist of a combination of digital and analog circuits. These circuits can contain a combination of transistors, resistors, capacitors or specialized components such as analog neural networks, antennas or fuses. The design of each of these electronic devices generally proceeds from a high- to a low-level of abstraction. For FPGAs the low-level description consists of a binary file to be flashed into the gate array, while for an integrated circuit or printed circuit board the low-level description consists of a layout file which describes the masks to be used for lithography inside a foundry. Each design step requires specialized tools, and many of these tools can be used for designing multiple types of electronic circuits. For example, a program for high-level digital synthesis can usually be used both for IC digital design as well as for programming an FPGA. Similarly, a tool for schematic-capture and analog simulation can generally be used both for analog IC design and for PCB design. In the case of integrated circuits (ICs) for example, a single chip may contain today more than 20 billion transistors and, as a general rule, every single transistor in a chip must work as intended. Since a single VLSI mask set can cost up to 10-100 millions, trial and error approaches are not economically viable. To minimize the risk of any design mistakes, the design flow is heavily automated. EDA software assists the designer in every step of the design process and every design step is accompanied by heavy test phases. Errors may be present in the high-level code already, such as for the Pentium FDIV floating-point unit bug, or it can be inserted all the way down to physical synthesis, such as a missing wire, or a timing violation.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →The Greenwood District.