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GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS
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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME
BHP HOME BEFORE AMERICA 1800–1936 1937–1957 1958–1980 1981–2000 2001–PRESENT

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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Wikipedia

Comparison of functional programming languages

The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.

Name Pure Lazy evaluation Typing Abstract data types Algebraic data types Data is immutable Type classes Garbage collection First appeared
Common Lisp No[1] Simulated with thunks[2] Dynamic[3] Yes[4] Extension[5] No[6] ? Yes 1984
Scheme No[7] Yes[8] Dynamic[7] Yes[9] Simulated with thunks[10] No[11] No Yes 1975
Racket No Default in Lazy Racket[12] Strong, Dynamic, statically typed with gradual typing in Typed Racket[13] Yes[14] Yes, with Algebraic Racket[15] Partial[16] No Yes 1995
Clojure No[17] Yes[18] Dynamic[19] Yes[20] Yes[21] Yes[22] No Yes 2007
Standard ML No[23] No[24][25] Static[26] Yes Yes Yes[27] No Yes 1983
OCaml No[28] Yes[28] Static[29] Yes[30] Yes[31] Yes[32] Simulated with parametric modules[33] Yes 1996
F# No[34] Yes[35] Static[36] Yes[37] Yes[38] Yes[39] No Yes 2005
Haskell Yes[40] Default[41] Static[42] Yes[40] Yes[43] Yes[44] Yes[45] Yes 1990
Scala No[46] Yes[47] Static[46] Yes[48] Yes[48] Yes[49] Yes[50] Yes 2004
JavaScript No Extension[51] Dynamic[52] Extension[53] Extension[54] Partial[55][56] ? Yes 1995
Clean Yes[57] Yes, with optional strictness annotations[58] Static with uniqueness/optionally dynamic[59] Yes[58] Yes[58] Yes, except for unique types[58] Yes[58] Yes 1987
Miranda Yes[60] Default[61] Static[60] Yes[62] Yes[60] Yes No Yes 1986
SASL Yes[63] Yes Dynamic[64] Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1972
Elixir No Stream module[65] Dynamic Yes No Yes ? Yes 2012
Erlang No No[66] Dynamic Yes[67] No Yes[68] ? Yes 1986
Elm Yes No Static[69] ? Yes[70] Yes[69] No Yes 2012
Futhark Yes No Static[71] Yes Yes Yes[69] No Yes 2014
Python No[72] Simulated with generators Dynamic[73] Yes[74] No Partial[75] ? Yes 1991
Idris Yes[76] Yes[76] Static[76] Yes[76] Yes[76] Yes[76] Yes[76] Yes 2007
Nix Yes[77] Yes[77] Dynamic[77] No Yes Yes No Yes 2003
Wolfram Language No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1988
Kotlin No Lazy delegation[78] and Sequence[79] Static Yes No Yes No Yes 2011
Swift No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, which differs from tracing garbage collection but is designed to provide similar benefits with better performance. 2014
Julia No No[80] Dynamic[81] Yes[81] No Partial[81] ? Yes 2012
PureScript Yes No Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2013
Rust No Lazy iterators[82] and external libraries[83] Static[84] Yes[85] Yes[86] Yes[87] Yes, through traits[85] No 2010
Bosque No No Static Yes Yes Yes ? Yes 2019
D Optional[88][89] Optional[90] Static[91] ? Yes Yes[92] No Yes[93] 2001
Gleam No[94] Experimental external libraries Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 2019

References

[edit]
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  11. ^ "Programs with State". Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  12. ^ Barzilay, Eli. "Lazy Racket". Retrieved 8 February 2020.
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  28. ^ a b "Functional Programming – OCaml". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  29. ^ Hickey, Jason. "Introduction to Objective Caml" (PDF). Section 2.4. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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  32. ^ "Learn OCaml - Imperative Features".
  33. ^ "Implementing Type-Classes as OCaml Modules". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  34. ^ "Learning F#". Retrieved 6 December 2013.
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  36. ^ "About F#". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  37. ^ "Structures - F#". Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  38. ^ "Discriminated Unions". 15 September 2021.
  39. ^ "The F# 3.0 Language Specification: 1.1.2 Making Data Simple" (PDF). Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  40. ^ a b "Haskell Wiki". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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  42. ^ "Haskell Typing". HaskellWiki. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  43. ^ "Haskell Wiki Abstract Data Type". Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  44. ^ "Haskell Wiki". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  45. ^ "Type Classes and Overloading".
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  51. ^ Tao, Dan. "Lazy.js". Dan Tao. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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  53. ^ Frank, Thomas. "Add some klass to JavaScript". thomasfrank.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
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  65. ^ "Stream — Elixir v1.17.2".
  66. ^ "Erlang Reference Manual". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
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  68. ^ "Stack Overflow - How do I modify a record in erlang?". Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  69. ^ a b c "Elm Blog - Interactive Programming". Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
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  71. ^ "Type Inference". Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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  77. ^ a b c "Nix Language - Nix 2.34.0 Reference Manual".
  78. ^ "Kotlin - Delegated Properties".
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  82. ^ "The Rust Programming Language, Processing a Series of Items with Iterators".
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  88. ^ "D pure functions". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
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  93. ^ "Garbage Collection". Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  94. ^ "Frequently asked questions – Gleam".

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Wikipedia

Comparison of functional programming languages

The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.

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Wikipedia

Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages

Programming languages can be grouped by the number and types of paradigms supported.

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Wikipedia

Comparison of programming languages

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages with new ones developed annually. While few languages achieve widespread adoption, professional programmers may use multiple languages throughout their career. Most programming languages are not standardized by an international (or national) standard, even widely used ones, such as Perl or Standard ML (despite the name). Notable standardized programming languages include ALGOL, C, C++, JavaScript (under the name ECMAScript), Smalltalk, Prolog, Common Lisp, Scheme (IEEE standard), ISLISP, Ada, Fortran, COBOL, SQL, and XQuery.

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Wikipedia

Comparison of programming languages (associative array)

This comparison of programming languages (associative arrays) compares the features of associative array data structures or array-lookup processing for over 40 computer programming languages.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.