Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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THE BHP WIRE —
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Type | Legislature broadcaster |
|---|---|
| Country | Philippines |
| Broadcast area | Nationwide |
| Headquarters | Quezon City, Metro Manila |
| Programming | |
| Languages | Filipino, English |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | People's Television Network (until November 17, 2024) Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation House of Representatives of the Philippines |
| Sister channels | |
| History | |
| Launched | January 22, 2024 |
| Replaced | PCO TV/RTVMalacanañg One Sports HD (Cignal TV channel renumbering space) |
| Replaced by | PTV (mirror feed; channel 14 channel space) |
| Availability At time of closure | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital Terrestrial Television | Channel 17 (Manila) LCN: 13.02 (Manila)
Channel 17 (Laoag) LCN: 17.02 (Laoag) Channel 17 (Baguio) LCN: 17.02 (Baguio) Channel 17 (Naga) LCN: 17.02 (Naga) Channel 17 (Iloilo) LCN: 17.02 (Iloilo) Channel 17 (Cebu) LCN: 17.02 (Cebu) Channel 17 (Cagayan De Oro) LCN: 17.02 (Cagayan De Oro) Channel 17 (Davao) LCN: 17.02 (Davao) |
| Converge Vision (Metro Manila) | Channel 42 |
| Cignal TV (Nationwide) | Channel 17 |
| Sky TV (Metro Manila) | Channel 60 |
| Cablelink (Metro Manila) | Channel 108 |
| Other Cable/Satellite Provider | Check Local Listings |
CongressTV is a Philippine digital television channel owned and managed by state-run networks People's Television Network (until November 17, 2024) and Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation in collaboration with the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It follows a format similar to public affairs legislative channels, primarily broadcasting live plenary sessions, committee hearings, and other content produced by the House of Representatives.
The channel launched on January 22, 2024, initially broadcasting on digital terrestrial television via PTV's second subchannel and through the social media accounts of PTV, IBC, and the House of Representatives. It later expanded its terrestrial reach through IBC's DTT network and became available on cable and satellite providers nationwide, including Cignal TV.
Congress TV follows a format similar to public affairs channels such as C-SPAN, CPAC, BBC Parliament, Phoenix, News24 World, Vouli Tileorasi, and TVP Parlament. It mainly airs live plenary sessions, committee hearings and other content produced by the House of Representatives on digital television.[1]
The channel was launched on January 22, 2024. Initially, it was broadcast on digital terrestrial television (DTT) via PTV's second subchannel. Additionally, it is available through PTV, IBC, and HoR's social media accounts from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM (PST) daily, with extended hours if needed.[2][3]
On October 1, 2024, Congress TV expanded its reach by broadcasting on channel 17 in Metro Manila via IBC's DTT network, becoming the network's second subchannel. At the same time, select programs were also simulcast on IBC's main analog signal. IBC also co-produces Congress News and Treze Sa Tanghali (formerly Ala Una Sa Balita), the flagship newscasts of Congress TV.
On November 1, 2024, the channel commenced broadcast on Sky Cable Channel 29 in Metro Manila replacing BBC News.
On November 17, 2024, Congress TV ended its broadcast on PTV's DTT transmitters, and was replaced with a mirror feed of the main PTV channel; leaving terrestrial broadcast of the channel to IBC-owned transmitters.
Since March 26, 2026, CongressTV has been available on Cignal TV as Channel 17, expanding its reach nationwide.
| Offices | |
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| Key divisions | |
| Media properties |
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| Others | |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
CongressTV is a Philippine digital television channel owned and managed by state-run networks People's Television Network (until November 17, 2024) and Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation in collaboration with the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It follows a format similar to public affairs legislative channels, primarily broadcasting live plenary sessions, committee hearings, and other content produced by the House of Representatives. The channel launched on January 22, 2024, initially broadcasting on digital terrestrial television via PTV's second subchannel and through the social media accounts of PTV, IBC, and the House of Representatives. It later expanded its terrestrial reach through IBC's DTT network and became available on cable and satellite providers nationwide, including Cignal TV.
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) is a Philippine free-to-air television and radio network based in Quezon City. It is a state broadcaster owned by the Government Communications Group as part of the Presidential Communications Office (PCO). IBC was also known as "The Kaibigan Network" (the Filipino term for "friend") from 2019 to 2023. That was dropped in favor of the government slogan "Bagong Pilipinas", which is shared with PTV. IBC and the government-owned media companies People's Television Network and the Presidential Broadcast Service-Bureau of Broadcast Services are the media arm of the PCO, and it is a secondary state broadcaster primarily presenting education, culture, arts and sports programming. Its studios, offices and broadcast facilities are in Quezon City. As a government-run station, IBC received funding from the General Appropriations Act (the annual national budget) and sales from blocktimers (purchasers of airtime), advertisers and others. IBC operates two digital television channels: Congress TV and DWAN 1206 TV. Before its affiliation with the PCO, it was the sister network of Radio Philippines Network: a state-owned network of which the PCO owns 20 percent.
The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Members of Congress are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment. Congress has a total of 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives. The House of Representatives also has 6 additional non-voting members. The vice president of the United States, as president of the Senate, has a vote in the Senate only when there is a tie. Congresses convene for two-year terms (a Congress), commencing every other January. Each Congress is usually split into two sessions, one for each year. Elections are held every even-numbered year on Election Day. The members of the House of Representatives are elected for the two-year term of a Congress. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 established that there be 435 representatives, and the Uniform Congressional District Act requires that they be elected from single-member constituencies or districts. It is also required that the congressional districts be apportioned among states by population every ten years using the U.S. census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, so currently, there are 100 senators for the 50 states. Article One of the Constitution requires that members of Congress be at least 25 years old for the House and at least 30 years old for the Senate, be a U.S. citizen for seven years for the House and nine years for the Senate, and be an inhabitant of the state which they represent. Members in both chambers may stand for re-election an unlimited number of times. Congress was created by the Constitution's First Article and first met in 1789, replacing the Congress of the Confederation in its legislative function. Although not legally mandated, in practice members of Congress since the late 19th century are typically affiliated with one of the two major parties, the Democratic Party or the Republican Party, and only rarely with a third party or independents affiliated with no party. Members can also switch parties at any time, though this is uncommon.
The Indian National Congress (INC), also known as the Congress Party, or simply the Congress, is a big tent political party in India. It is India's oldest political party and is widely regarded as one of the world's oldest continuously active political parties, outside Europe and North America. Founded on 28 December 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress was one of the parties that led India to independence from the United Kingdom, and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. The INC is a "big tent" party that has been described as sitting on the centre of the Indian political spectrum. The party held its first session in 1885 in Bombay where W. C. Bannerjee presided over it. After Indian independence in 1947, Congress emerged as a catch-all, Indian nationalist and secular party, dominating Indian politics for the next 50 years. The party's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, led the Congress to support socialist policies by creating the Planning Commission, introducing Five-Year Plans, implementing a mixed economy, and establishing a secular state. After Nehru's death and the short tenure of Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi became the leader of the party. In the 17 general elections since independence, it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times, heading the central government for more than 54 years. There have been six prime ministers from the Congress party, the first being Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964), and the most recent being Manmohan Singh (2004–2014). Since the 1990s, the Bharatiya Janata Party has emerged as the main rival of the Congress in both national and regional politics. In 1969, the party suffered a major split, with a faction led by Indira Gandhi leaving to form the Congress (R), with the remainder becoming the Congress (O). The Congress (R) became the dominant faction, winning the 1971 general election by a huge margin. From 1975 to 1977, Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India, resulting in widespread oppression and abuses of power. Another split in the party occurred in 1979, leading to the creation of the Congress (I), which was recognised as the Congress by the Election Commission in 1981. Under Rajiv Gandhi's leadership, the party won a massive victory in the 1984 general elections, nevertheless losing the election held in 1989 to the National Front. The Congress then returned to power under P. V. Narasimha Rao, who moved the party towards an economically liberal agenda, a sharp break from previous leaders. However, it lost the 1996 general election and was replaced in government by the National Front. After a record eight years out of office, the Congress-led coalition known as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) under Manmohan Singh formed a government after the 2004 general elections. Subsequently, the UPA again formed the government after winning the 2009 general elections, and Singh became the first prime minister since Indira Gandhi in 1971 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. However, under the leadership of Rahul Gandhi in the 2014 general election, the Congress suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 44 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). In the 2019 general election, the party failed to make any substantial gains and won 52 seats, failing to form the official opposition yet again. In the 2024 general election, the party performed better-than-expected, and won 99 seats, forming the official opposition with their highest seat count in a decade. On social issues, it advocates secular policies that encourage equal opportunity, right to health, right to education, civil liberty, and support social market economy, and a strong welfare state. Being a centrist party, its policies predominantly reflected balanced positions including secularism, egalitarianism, and social stratification. The INC supports contemporary economic reforms such as liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. A total of 61 people have served as the president of the INC since its formation. Sonia Gandhi is the longest-serving president of the party, having held office for over twenty years from 1998 to 2017 and again from 2019 to 2022 (as interim). Mallikarjun Kharge is the current party president. The district party is the smallest functional unit of Congress. There is also a Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC), present at the state level in every state. Together, the delegates from the districts and PCCs form the All India Congress Committee (AICC). The party is additionally structured into various committees and segments including the Working Committee (CWC), Seva Dal, Indian Youth Congress (IYC), Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), and National Students' Union of India (NSUI).
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Madam C.J. Walker
