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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Civil Rights

Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Black Inventors

Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.

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Sports

Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.

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People

Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.

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Places

Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Shirley Chisholm — Unbought and Unbossed

In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

Pair of Converse sneakers worn by Rafer Johnson at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Date
1984
Caption
Rafer Johnson won the gold medal in the men’s Decathlon at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, where he also became the first African American to carry the torch into the stadium. He was the final torchbearer for the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, the first African American to light the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony.
Description
Pair of Olympic Converse sneakers worn by Rafer Johnson.
The off-white polyester sneakers have a bright purple leather chevron on both sides of each shoe, with a purple star above each of the four chevrons. The purple leather also trims the edge of the interiors and the tops of each heel, printed with a white star and Olympic ring logo with white text that reads [CONVERSE ®]. There is suede around each heel, along the edge of the toe cap, and along the laces. The laces are white. The off-white rubber soles have a repeating squiggle pattern. Each tongue has a white label: the front shows a bright purple star and Olympic rings logo with [CONVERSE ®]; the back has purple text detailing licensing and manufacturing information. The interior canvas soles read [CONVERSE ®] in purple. The sneakers exhibit stains, scuffs, tears, discoloration, and minor flaking.
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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Clothing - Sports Uniforms
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Rafer Johnson
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2015.223.4ab
Type
sneakers
Restrictions & Rights
No known copyright restrictions
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
nylon, suede, leather, rubber, cotton, canvas, and thread
Dimensions
H x W x D (a. left): 4 1/4 × 4 × 12 in. (10.8 × 10.2 × 30.5 cm)
H x W x D (b. right): 4 1/4 × 4 × 12 in. (10.8 × 10.2 × 30.5 cm)
Title
Object Name • Pair of Converse sneakers worn by Rafer Johnson at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Record ID
nmaahc_2015.223.4ab
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
PAIR OF CONVERSE SNEAKERS WORN BY RAFER JOHNSON AT THE 1984 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1980s
Geo Location
City • Los Angeles • County • Los Angeles County • State • California • Country • United States • Continent • North and Central America
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

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NMAAHC

Customized Sigma Gamma Rho Converse sneakers for member MC Lyte

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Pair of Converse sneakers worn by Rafer Johnson at the 1984 Summer Olympics

Date: Date

Caption

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NMAAHC

Pair of “Chuck Taylor All Star” Converse sneakers worn by Cab Calloway

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Sneakers worn by Julius "Dr. J" Erving and inscribed to Doc Stanley

Date: Date

Description

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.