Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 28 January 2020 |
| Jurisdiction | England |
Ministers responsible |
|
Parent department | Department of Transport |
| Website | www |
The Bus Open Data Service (BODS) is a government-funded service in England, established in 2020[1] as part of the Bus Services Act 2017. It was created in a partnership between Ito World, the Department for Transport and KPMG.[2]
The service was described by Ito World as "an international first", as it provides Open Data of bus timetables, fares and Automatic Vehicle Location of buses across England.[3][4]
An extension to the Bus Open Data Service, Analyse Bus Open Data Service (ABOD), was introduced in 2021 to provide free-to-access reporting and analytics to operators and authorities nationally. The extended service provides access to on-time performance analytics, vehicle journey replays, and corridor reporting.[5][6][7]
As part of the requirements set by the Department for Transport in The Public Service Vehicles (Open Data) (England) Regulations 2020,[8] the Bus Open Data Service set deadlines for operators to provide data.[3]
The implementation requirements only applied in England[9]
The Bus Open Data Service makes available three types of bus service data, in a variety of formats:
Following the introduction of the Bus Open Data, there have been a number of uses for the system.
Despite providing fare, time and vehicle location, the Department for Transport has ruled out including key accessibility information on bus stops, stations and vehicles despite the Bus Services Act making specific provision for open data, 'for the purpose of facilitating travel by disabled persons'.[17]
A number of operators have struggled to provide the data required by the deadlines provided by the Bus Open Data Service, requiring providers to implement alternative solutions.[18][19]
The Confederation of Passenger Transport, and operators of home-to-school transport, criticised the requirement for operators to provide data about registered home-to-school bus services, and the exemption of Section 22 community bus services.[20][21]
Writing in Buses magazine, Centrebus Group owner Julian Peddle called the service "a horrendously bureaucratic and over-engineered system designed by well-meaning but clueless officials in London. It’s running late, does not work properly, and has involved the industry and local authorities in vast amounts of needless work. It’s supposedly been running since January 2021, but has not improved things in the wilds of Shropshire, and never will, because government bureaucrats don’t understand the problem, so have no chance of solving it."[22]
Headquarters: Great Minster House, 33 Horseferry Road, London | |
| Ministers | |
| Non-ministerial department | |
| Executive agencies | |
| Non-departmental public bodies | |
| Public corporations | |
| Other | |
| Former public bodies and organisations | |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Bus Open Data Service (BODS) is a government-funded service in England, established in 2020 as part of the Bus Services Act 2017. It was created in a partnership between Ito World, the Department for Transport and KPMG. The service was described by Ito World as "an international first", as it provides Open Data of bus timetables, fares and Automatic Vehicle Location of buses across England. An extension to the Bus Open Data Service, Analyse Bus Open Data Service (ABOD), was introduced in 2021 to provide free-to-access reporting and analytics to operators and authorities nationally. The extended service provides access to on-time performance analytics, vehicle journey replays, and corridor reporting.
In computer architecture, a bus (historically also called a data highway or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or, more rarely, between computers. It encompasses both hardware (e.g., wires, optical fiber, bus slots) and software, including communication protocols. At its core, a bus is a shared physical pathway, typically composed of wires or traces on a circuit board, that allows multiple devices to communicate. Unlike networks, which route addressed packets across switches, buses use arbitration protocols to manage which device can transmit data over the shared pathway. Buses are categorized based on their role, such as system buses (also known as internal buses, internal data buses, or memory buses) connecting the CPU and memory. Expansion buses, also called peripheral buses, extend the system to connect additional devices, including peripherals. Examples of widely used buses include PCI Express (PCIe) for high-speed internal connections and Universal Serial Bus (USB) for connecting external devices. Modern buses utilize both parallel and serial communication, employing advanced encoding methods to maximize speed and efficiency. Features such as direct memory access (DMA) further enhance performance by allowing data transfers directly between devices and memory without requiring CPU intervention.
A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system, combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to determine its operation. The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity, and although popular in the 1970s and 1980s, more modern computers use a variety of separate buses adapted to more specific needs. The system level bus (as distinct from a CPU's internal datapath busses) connects the CPU to memory and I/O devices. Typically a system level bus is designed for use as a backplane.
I3C or I³C, also known as SenseWire, is a specification to enable communication between microchips by defining the electrical connection between the chips and signaling patterns to be used. Short for Improved Inter-Integrated Circuit, the standard defines the electrical connection between the chips to be a two wire, shared (multidrop), serial data bus, one wire (SCL) being used as a clock to define the sampling times, the other wire (SDA) being used as a data line whose voltage can be sampled. The standard defines a signaling protocol in which multiple chips can control communication and thereby act as the bus controller. The I3C specification takes its name from, uses the same electrical connections as, and allows some backward compatibility with, the I²C bus, a de facto standard for inter-chip communication, widely used for low-speed peripherals and sensors in electronic devices. The I3C standard is designed to retain some backward compatibility with the I²C system, notably allowing designs where existing I²C devices can be connected to an I3C bus but still have the bus able to switch to a higher data rate for communication at higher speeds between compliant I3C devices. The I3C standard thereby combines the advantage of the simple, two wire I²C architecture with the higher communication speeds common to higher pin count buses such as the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The I3C standard was developed as a collaborative effort between electronics and computer-related companies under the auspices of the MIPI Alliance. The I3C standard was first released to the public at the end of 2017, although access requires the disclosure of private information. Google and Intel have backed I3C as a sensor interface standard for Internet of things (IoT) devices.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
