Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In 1968 Shirley Chisholm became the first Black woman elected to the United States Congress. In 1972 she launched a campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, breaking another political barrier.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
In economics, demand is the quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices over a given period. In economics, "demand" for a commodity is not the same thing as "desire" for it. It refers to both the desire to purchase and the ability to pay for a commodity. Demand is always expressed in relation to a range of prices and a particular time period since demand is a flow concept. A flow is any variable expressed per unit of time. Demand refers not to a single isolated purchase, but to a continuous flow of purchases.
In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It postulates that, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item in a perfectly competitive market, will vary until it settles at the market-clearing price, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied such that an economic equilibrium is achieved for price and quantity transacted. The concept of supply and demand forms the theoretical basis of modern economics. In situations where a firm has market power, its decision on how much output to bring to market influences the market price, in violation of perfect competition. There, a more complicated model should be used; for example, an oligopoly or differentiated-product model. Likewise, where a buyer has market power, models such as monopsony will be more accurate. In macroeconomics, as well, the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model has been used to depict how the quantity of total output and the aggregate price level may be determined in equilibrium. However, the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem demonstrates that aggregate demand functions do not necessarily inherit the properties of individual rationality, meaning that market-wide supply and demand curves can theoretically take almost any shape. This result implies that the "Law of Demand" may fail at the macro level, challenging the assumption that competitive economies naturally gravitate toward a unique or stable equilibrium.
Print on demand (POD) is a printing technology and business process in which products are produced only after an order is placed, rather than in advance in bulk. While other industries established the build-to-order business model, POD for books and documents could only develop after the beginning of digital printing, as it was not economical to print single copies using traditional printing technologies such as letterpress and offset printing. For apparel and similar physical goods, traditional textile decoration methods such as screen printing require the preparation of a separate screen for each color and design, a lengthy process that must be repeated for each new job. Digital textile printing methods such as direct-to-garment printing eliminate this preparation step, allowing designs to be applied to individual items without the equipment changeover required by screen printing. POD allows publishers and other businesses to produce standard products such as books, as well as customized products such as apparel, without maintaining an inventory of finished goods in advance. As small presses adapt to the loss of key distributors, a growing number are exploring print‑on‑demand and other flexible printing methods to keep titles available without large offset print runs. Many academic publishers, including university presses, use POD services to maintain large backlists (lists of older publications); some use POD for all of their publications. Larger publishers may use POD in special circumstances, such as reprinting older, out-of-print titles or for test marketing.
Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period. The BOD value is most commonly expressed in milligrams of oxygen consumed per liter of sample during 5 days of incubation at 20 °C and is often used as a surrogate of the degree of organic water pollution. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduction is used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. BOD of wastewater effluents is used to indicate the short-term impact on the oxygen levels of the receiving water. BOD analysis is similar in function to chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, in that both measure the amount of organic compounds in water. However, COD analysis is less specific, since it measures everything that can be chemically oxidized, rather than just levels of biologically oxidized organic matter.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.