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This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

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Wikipedia

Dera language

Not to be confused with Dera language (Chadic).
Dera
Mangguar, Kamberataro
Native toIndonesia, Papua New Guinea
RegionPapua: Keerom Regency, 13 villages
EthnicityDera
Native speakers
1,200 (2006)[1]
Senagi
  • Dera
Language codes
ISO 639-3kbv
Glottologdera1245
ELPDera
Coordinates: 3°36′43″S 141°03′26″E / 3.611948°S 141.05719°E / -3.611948; 141.05719 (Kamberatoro)
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Dera (Dra, Dla) a.k.a. Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily spoken in Kamberataro village (3°36′43″S 141°03′26″E / 3.611948°S 141.05719°E / -3.611948; 141.05719 (Kamberatoro)), Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.[1][2]

Dialects

[edit]

There are two dialects, namely Dla proper and Menggwa Dla.

Dla proper is spoken in the three main villages of Kamberatoro Mission (3°36′S 141°03′E; 1299 feet) in Papua New Guinea, Amgotro Mission (3°38′S 140°58′E; 1969 feet) and Komando village in Papua Province, Indonesia. Komando village was formerly a Dutch border post. Other Dla proper speaking villages in Papua New Guinea are Tamarbek (3°35′30″S 141°03′18″E / 3.591701°S 141.055114°E / -3.591701; 141.055114 (Tamarbek)), Akamari (3°35′49″S 141°03′33″E / 3.597044°S 141.059233°E / -3.597044; 141.059233 (Akimari 1)), New Kamberatoro; Old Kamberatoro, ‘Border Village’, Nimberatoro (3°37′34″S 141°02′33″E / 3.625973°S 141.042369°E / -3.625973; 141.042369 (Nimberatoro)), Nindebai (3°38′28″S 141°00′22″E / 3.64111°S 141.006033°E / -3.64111; 141.006033 (Nindebai)), Mamamora (3°39′14″S 141°01′13″E / 3.653793°S 141.020182°E / -3.653793; 141.020182 (Mamamura)), Yamamainda (3°40′10″S 141°02′00″E / 3.669519°S 141.033445°E / -3.669519; 141.033445 (Yamamainda)), Orkwanda (3°38′50″S 141°04′52″E / 3.647337°S 141.081231°E / -3.647337; 141.081231 (Orkwanda)), and Lihen (3°37′26″S 141°07′03″E / 3.623834°S 141.117364°E / -3.623834; 141.117364 (Lihen)). While Papua Province in Indonesia has the Dla villages of Amgotro, Komando, Indangan, Mongwefi, Buku, and Agrinda, which are mostly located in Yaffi District, Keerom Regency.[3]

Menggwa Dla, the less populous of the two dialects, is spoken in five villages located between Kamberatoro Mission and Komando village, which are Menggau, Wahai (3°34′51″S 141°01′45″E / 3.580863°S 141.029277°E / -3.580863; 141.029277 (Wahai)), Ambofahwa (alternatively known as Wahai Nº 2), Wanggurinda (3°34′49″S 141°01′43″E / 3.580396°S 141.028671°E / -3.580396; 141.028671 (Wagurinda); 3°34′59″S, 141°01′41″E) in Papua New Guinea, and Menggwal (3°33′53″S, 140°59′04″E) in Papua Province, Indonesia.[3]

Status

[edit]

Dla (Dera) speakers are shifting to Tok Pisin and Papuan Malay. De Sousa (2006) reports that the younger generation born in the 1990s or later usually cannot speak Dera fluently, whereas the older generation remains fluent.[3]

Phonology

[edit]

Dera has 14 consonants (4 less than Angor), which are:[4]

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
Fricative ɸ s x
Liquid r
Semivowel w j

Dera has 5 vowels (2 less than Angor), which are:[4]

Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

Vocabulary comparison

[edit]

The following basic vocabulary words of Dera dialects are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975),[5][6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

gloss Dera (Amgotro dialect) Dera (Moŋgowar dialect) Dera (Amgotro dialect)
head boda bapale boda
hair nanada nenale nanada
ear kumbo- keda gombo-gala kumbo- keda
eye kumba- kwada kamba-gala kumba- kwada
nose gutubu damor gutubu
tooth jabo-gemda djabo jabo-gemda
tongue tabu tep tabu
louse manə mave manə
dog jabodo jabodo
pig wadə wadə
bird du tu du
egg dogomda tugabola dogomda
blood kodoa hola kodoa
bone gemda saba gemda
skin kueda kiaba kueda
breast toto tutu toto
tree namo; nomo agala namo; nomo
man jani- ndia jani jani- ndia
woman kuadedebo kolbake kuadedebo
sun kəbu gəfu kəbu
moon amana anam amana
water kue gəwei kue
fire kai kai kai
stone nəmai nimi nəmai
road, path bakoda bakoda
name dia
eat tato- hede- tato-
one mano; ŋguadu mamu mano; ŋguadu
two imbu jimbal imbu

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dera at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
  3. ^ a b c de Sousa, Hilário (2006). The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea (Doctoral dissertation). University of Sydney.
  4. ^ a b Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  5. ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi:10.15144/PL-A28.47
  6. ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
  7. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

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Wikipedia

Dera language

Dera (Dra, Dla) a.k.a. Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily spoken in Kamberataro village (3.611948°S 141.05719°E / -3.611948; 141.05719 (Kamberatoro)), Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.

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KBV

KBV or kbv may refer to: Dera language, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, by ISO 639-3 code Krabi International Airport, Nuea Khlong, Krabi, Thailand, by IATA code Kashmir bee virus

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Kanakuru language

Dera, or Kanakuru, is a West Chadic language of Nigeria.

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Senagi languages

The Senagi languages are a small family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea proposal. They consist of the two languages Angor and Dera. The Angor language is unusual in that it distinguishes gender in the second- and third-person dual and plural (you and they), but not in the singular. It is not clear if Dera does the same. In Papua New Guinea, they are spoken in Amanab Rural LLG of Sandaun Province. They are also spoken across the border in Keerom Regency, Indonesia.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.