Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
q2K BHP
Black History Portal
THE BHP WIRE —
HIDDEN TRUTHS
What's New!
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
| Tru64 UNIX | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Developer | DEC, HP, IBM, Compaq |
| OS family | Unix, OSF/1 |
| Working state | Retired (support ended December 2012)[1] |
| Source model | Closed source |
| Initial release | January 1992 |
| Latest release | 5.1B-6 / October 1, 2010 |
| Supported platforms | DEC Alpha |
| Kernel type | Hybrid kernel |
| Userland | POSIX |
| Default user interface | Command-line interface |
| License | Proprietary |
| Official website | Tru64 UNIX Software |
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where it was known as Digital UNIX (originally DEC OSF/1 AXP).
As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD.
It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (Other UNIX and UNIX-like implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are GNU Hurd, NeXTSTEP, MkLinux, and Darwin.)
Tru64 UNIX required the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems.
In 1988, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) joined with IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and others to form the Open Software Foundation (OSF). A primary aim was to develop a version of Unix, named OSF/1, to compete with System V Release 4 from AT&T Corporation and Sun Microsystems. After DEC's first release (OSF/1 Release 1.0) in January 1992 for their line of MIPS-based DECstation workstations,[2] DEC ported OSF/1 to their new Alpha AXP platform (as DEC OSF/1 AXP), and this was the first version (Release 1.2) of what is most commonly referred to as OSF/1. DEC OSF/1 AXP Release 1.2 was shipped in March 1993. OSF/1 AXP was a full 64-bit operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. After OSF/1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system.
In 1995, starting with release 3.2, DEC renamed OSF/1 AXP to Digital UNIX to reflect its conformance with the X/Open Single UNIX Specification.[3]
After Compaq's purchase of DEC in early 1998, with the release of version 4.0F, Digital UNIX was renamed to Tru64 UNIX to emphasise its 64-bit-clean nature and de-emphasise the Digital brand.
In April 1999, Compaq announced that Tru64 UNIX 5.0 successfully ran on Intel's IA-64 simulator.[4] However, this port was cancelled a few months later.[5]
A Chinese version of Tru64 UNIX named COSIX was jointly developed by Compaq and China National Computer Software & Technology Service Corporation (CS&S).[6] It was released in 1999.
From release V5.0 Tru64 UNIX offered a clustering facility named TruCluster Server. TruCluster utilised a cluster-wide filesystem visible to each cluster member, plus member specific storage and an optional quorum disk. Member specific files paths were enhanced symbolic links incorporating the member id of the owning member. Each member had one or zero votes, which, combined with a possible quorum disk, implemented a cluster formation algorithm similar to that found in OpenVMS.
With their purchase of Compaq in 2002, HP announced their intention to migrate many of Tru64 UNIX's more innovative features (including its AdvFS, TruCluster, and LSM) to HP-UX. In December 2004, HP announced a change of plan: they would instead use the Veritas File System and abandon the Tru64 advanced features. In the process, many of the remaining Tru64 developers were laid off.[7]
The last maintenance release, 5.1B-6 was released in October 2010.[8]
In October 2010, HP stated that they would continue to support Tru64 UNIX until 31 December 2012.[9]
In 2008, HP contributed the AdvFS filesystem to the open-source community.[10]
These versions were released for Alpha AXP platforms.[11][12][13][14]
| Version | Approx Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DEC OSF/1 1.2 | March 1993 | |
| DEC OSF/1 1.2A | April 1993 | Hardware only release |
| DEC OSF/1 1.3 | July 1993 | |
| DEC OSF/1 1.3A | September 1993 | |
| DEC OSF/1 1.3B | November 1993 | Hardware only release |
| DEC OSF/1 2.0 | March 1994 | |
| DEC OSF/1 2.0A | April 1994 | Logical Storage Manager (LSM) v1; AdvFS v1; ASE v1 introduced |
| DEC OSF/1 2.0B | May 1994 | Hardware only release |
| DEC OSF/1 2.1 | July 1994 | |
| DEC OSF/1 3.0 | August 1994 | SMP support |
| DEC OSF/1 3.0A | September 1994 | ASE v1.1; System V Environment |
| DEC OSF/1 3.0B | September 1994 | Hardware only release |
| Digital UNIX 3.2 | February 1995 | |
| Digital UNIX 3.2A | March 1995 | ASE v1.2 |
| Digital UNIX 3.2B | May 1995 | Hardware only release |
| Digital UNIX 3.2C | July 1995 | |
| Digital UNIX 3.2D-1 | January 1996 | ASE v1.3 |
| Digital UNIX 3.2D-2 | January 1996 | Hardware only release |
| Digital UNIX 3.2E | March 1996 | TruCluster v1.0 |
| Digital UNIX 4.0 | March 1996 | CDE made default desktop |
| Digital UNIX 3.2F | June 1996 | |
| Digital UNIX 3.2G | August 1996 | |
| Digital UNIX 4.0A | September 1996 | ASE v1.4 |
| Digital UNIX 4.0B | December 1996 | X/Open-compliant Curses |
| Digital UNIX 4.0C | April 1997 | |
| Digital UNIX 4.0D | December 1997 | Y2K readiness; extended UIDs/GIDs; class scheduler; JDK 1.1.4; Netscape 3.04 |
| Digital UNIX 4.0E | November 1998 | ASE v1.5; USB support; AdvFS atomic write data logging; Sendmail 8.8.8; ODBC/JDBC; Netscape 4.05 |
| Tru64 UNIX 4.0F | April 1999 | USB keyboard/mouse support; limited DVD support; Netscape 4.5; COM for Tru64 UNIX |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.0 | July 1999 | Improved performance/scalability; Hot-swap; Sendmail 8.8.8; OpenMP; Netscape 4.51; X11R6.3 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.0A | April 2000 | UFS Delayed metadata option; Sendmail 8.9.3; Netscape 4.7; ISO 9660 install disc |
| Tru64 UNIX 4.0G | May 2000 | Maximum 256 X clients (formerly 128); Netscape 4.7 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1 | September 2000 | Extended System V functionality; Tcl/Tk 8.2; IPv6 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1A | September 2001 | Online CPU addition/removal; UNIX 98 Conformance; X11R6.5; Netscape 4.76 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B | September 2002 | Big Pages; IPv6 Enhancements; Netscape 6; Unicode 3.1 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-1 | November 2003 | Name Service Switch (NSS); Mozilla 1.4 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-2 | August 2004 | Unified Buffer Cache Scaling; Perl 5.8.4; Mozilla 1.6 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-3 | June 2005 | AdvFS robustness; Accounting refinements; LSM enhancements; Mozilla 1.7.5 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-4 | December 2006 | POSIX conformance; Rebranding (COMPAQ to HP); 2007 U.S. DST changes; BIND 9.2.5 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-5 | March 2009 | Standards conformance; Support for latest DST changes; BIND 9.2.8 |
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-6 | October 2010 | Defect fixes only. Support ended 31 Dec 2012 |
| Key people |
|  | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Instruction set architectures, processors |
| ||||||||
| Computer terminals | |||||||||
| Operating systems | |||||||||
| Programming languages | |||||||||
| Character sets |
| ||||||||
| Bus standards | |||||||||
| Other hardware | |||||||||
| Related topics |
| ||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate aspects |
|  | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Hardware |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where it was known as Digital UNIX (originally DEC OSF/1 AXP). As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD. It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (Other UNIX and UNIX-like implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are GNU Hurd, NeXTSTEP, MkLinux, and Darwin.) Tru64 UNIX required the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems.
The Digital Personal Workstation, code named "sports car", is a family of entry-level to mid-range workstation computers developed and manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). These workstations are based on the DEC Alpha and Intel Pentium Pro or Pentium II microprocessors. Members of this family can run the Digital UNIX, OpenVMS, and Windows NT operating systems. The i-Series, based on Pentium Pro, was introduced first, on September 23, 1996.
Alpha (originally Alpha AXP) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Alpha was designed to replace 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computers (CISC) and to be a highly competitive RISC processor for Unix workstations and similar markets. Alpha was implemented in a series of microprocessors originally developed and fabricated by DEC. These microprocessors were most prominently used in a variety of DEC workstations and servers, which eventually formed the basis for almost all of their mid-to-upper-scale lineup. Several third-party vendors also produced Alpha systems, including PC form factor motherboards. Operating systems that support Alpha included OpenVMS (formerly named OpenVMS AXP), Tru64 UNIX (formerly named DEC OSF/1 AXP and Digital UNIX), Windows NT (discontinued after NT 4.0; and prerelease Windows 2000 RC2), Linux (Debian, SUSE, Gentoo and Red Hat), BSD UNIX (NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD up to 6.x), Plan 9 from Bell Labs, and the L4Ka::Pistachio kernel. A port of Ultrix to Alpha was carried out during the initial development of the Alpha architecture, but was never released as a product. The Alpha architecture was sold, along with most parts of DEC, to Compaq in 1998. Compaq, already an Intel x86 customer, announced that they would phase out Alpha in favor of the forthcoming Hewlett-Packard/Intel Itanium architecture, and sold all Alpha intellectual property to Intel, in 2001, effectively killing the product. Hewlett-Packard purchased Compaq in 2002, continuing development of the existing product line until 2004, and selling Alpha-based systems, largely to the existing customer base, until April 2007.
The LK421 was a detachable computer keyboard manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts and supplied as an option to the standard LK401 keyboard with their DEC 3000 AXP workstations. The keyboard is optimized for use with the Digital Unix line of operating systems, instead of the OpenVMS operating system for which the LK401 was more suitable. The keyboard is notable for the standard position of the Control key for use with Unix operating systems and an Escape key. The keyboard has two compose keys. There is no separate numeric keypad or edit key group. The functionality of the missing keys is implemented by some standard keys having a dual function. The user holds down the Extend key and presses the key with the appropriate legend on the front of a standard key to access the additional functions.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
