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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Digital Systems Inc. was an American accounting service and technology development company active between 1966[1] and 1979.[1]
It was founded by John Q. Torode in Seattle, Washington.[2][3][1][4][5] The company was reorganized into the microcomputer design and development company Digital Microsystems, Inc. (DMS),[5] Oakland, USA, founded in 1979.[6]
In 1984, it was sold to the new UK operation Digital Microsystems Ltd. (DML) (owned by Extel Group Plc)[7] and finally ended its US operations in 1986.[1][5] Without Torode, Digital Microsystems Ltd.'s product HiNet (Hierarchical Integration Network) was sold to Apricot Computers Plc in 1987.[8]
In 1986, Torode founded a new company, IC Designs, Inc., based partly on Theodore "Ted" H. Kehl's VLSI technology at the University of Washington (UW),[1][9] which was bought by Cypress Semiconductor Corp. in 1993.[9]
[…] The first commercial licensing of CP/M took place in 1975 with contracts between Digital Systems and Omron of America for use in their intelligent terminal, and with Lawrence Livermore Laboratories where CP/M was used to monitor programs in the Octopus network. Little attention was paid to CP/M for about a year. In my spare time, I worked to improve overall facilities […] By this time, CP/M had been adapted for four different controllers. […]
[…] Digital Microsystems, Inc. […] Embarcadero, Oakland, CA […] Digital Microsystems (DMS), originally Digital Systems, was founded in 1975 by Dr. John Torode who designed the first floppy disk subsystem for use on a micro. In 1974, DMS collaborated with Gary Kildall (Digital Research's founder) to design and implement the first microcomputer disk operating system, CP/M. […]
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Digital Systems Inc. was an American accounting service and technology development company active between 1966 and 1979.
Trillium Digital Systems, Inc. developed and licensed standards-based communications source code software to telecommunications equipment manufacturers for the Wireless, broadband, Internet and telephone network infrastructure. Trillium was an early company to license source code. The Trillium Digital Systems business entity no longer exists, but the Trillium communications software is still developed and licensed. Trillium software is used in the network infrastructure as well as associated service platforms, clients and devices.
Digital Multiplex System (DMS) is the name shared among several different telephony product lines from Nortel Networks for wireline and wireless operators. Among them are the DMS-1 (originally named the DMS-256) Rural/Urban digital loop carrier, the DMS-10 telephone switch, the DMS SuperNode family of telephone switches (DMS-100, DMS-200, DMS-250, DMS-300, DMS-500, DMS-GSP, DMS-MSC, DMS-MTX), and the S/DMS optical transmission system. Exploratory development on the technology began at Northern Telecom's Bell Northern Research Labs in Ottawa, Ontario in 1971. The first Class 5 switch, the DMS-10, began service on 21 October 1977 in Fort White, Florida and the first toll switch (Class 4), the DMS-200, entered service in 1979 in Ottawa. The DMS-10 was the first commercially successful Class 5 digital switch in the North American market and had a profound impact on the industry. Of the numerous digital switching products introduced in the North American telephone market in the late 1970s, only the Nortel DMS family is still in production. GENBAND (now Ribbon Communications) acquired Nortel CVAS assets including the DMS line in 2011 and rolled it into its IP-based GENiUS platform. Previously, new technology had entered the telecommunications industry slowly, with the telephone companies amortizing equipment over periods as long as forty years. AT&T was intending to delay the introduction of digital switching until the 1990s. The DMS, with its introduction of digital technology, changed the industry and became one of the antecedents that encouraged the growth of the Internet. On October 16, 2006, Nortel received a special recognition award from Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame for its role in pioneering digital communications with the Digital Multiplex System. The DMS name arose from a designation for a switching matrix design that was developed in the exploratory phase of the project. The Digital Multiplexed Switch was selected as the basic switching design for the project. The product was intended as a successor for Nortel's first electronic switch, the SP1, and was to be called the SP2. However the DMS acronym was mellifluous and was eventually (1975) adopted as the designation for the DMS-10 and DMS-100 family of products, with the "S" standing for "system" rather than "switch". It was then applied to the entire digital switching family as well as the DMS-1 family of Digital Transmission Concentrators. DMS is favoured by many European cable operators as the switching platform for their voice networks. The DMS-10 is widely used by rural wireline providers. DMS-100 and 200 switches are widely deployed throughout the US and Canada by Regional Bell Operating Companies, Bell Canada and independent telephone companies as well as the US Military. The DMS-250 is the backbone of a number of carriers' long-distance networks. The DMS-300 is an international gateway switch, and the DMS-500 is commonly deployed by competitive local exchange carriers because it combines DMS-100 and 250 capabilities. DMS switches run a proprietary multitasking operating system known as SOS. The user interface, called MAPCI, consists of a series of multi-level menus and is usually accessed from a connected VT100 compatible dumb terminal or terminal emulator. Each level or overlay performs different functions.
Digital access carrier system (DACS) is the name used by British Telecom (BT Group plc) in the United Kingdom for a 0+2 pair gain system.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Joe Louis.
