Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
This is a list of display servers based on X11, Wayland, Linux framebuffer and other systems.
| Name | Type | Language | Initial release | Latest release | License | Libraries | Active | Operating systems | Shell type | Remarks | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Version | Date | Protocol | Other | Linux | BSDs | Other | ||||||||
| COSMIC | Dynamic | Rust | 2024 | Epoch 1.0.12 | 2026-05-05 | GPL-3.0-only | Smithay | Iced | Yes | Yes | No | No | Separate | Designed for Pop!_OS |
| dwl | Dynamic (dwm-like) | C | 2020 | 0.7 | 2024-11-15 | GPL-3.0-only | wlroots | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Separate | dwm-like tiling |
| Enlightenment | Compositing | C | 2012 | 0.26.0 | 2023-12-23 | BSD-2-Clause | libwayland-server | EFL | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Built-in | Default for the Enlightenment desktop environment |
| Hikari | Floating | C | — | — | 2022 | MIT | wlroots | libinput | Until 2022 | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | Targets primarily FreeBSD; inspired by CalmWM |
| Hyprland | Dynamic/Tiling | C++ | 2022 | 0.55 | 2026-05-09 | BSD-3-Clause | aquamarine | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | Smooth animations, rounded corners and blur |
| KWin (KDE) | Compositing/Stacking | C++ (Qt) | 2011 | 6.2.5 | 2024-12-31 | GPL-2.0-or-later | Qt Wayland | Qt | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Built-in | Default for KDE |
| Labwc | Stacking | C | 2021 | 0.8.2 | 2024-11-20 | GPL-2.0-only | wlroots | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Separate | Inspired by Openbox, used by Raspberry Pi OS |
| Lipstick | Mobile UI manager | C++ | — | — | — | LGPL-2.1 | libwayland-server | Qt 5 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Built-in | Based on QML, intended for Sailfish OS |
| Mazecompositor | Toy / Demo | C++ | — | — | — | MIT | libwayland-server | Qt 5 | No | Yes | No | No | No shell | Compositor presented as a 3D game-like maze |
| Mir | Kiosk/embedded | C++ | — | — | — | GPL | libwayland-server | Qt 5, GTK | Yes | Yes | No | No | Plugin | Canonical's embedded-targeting compositor |
| Muffin | Floating | C | — | — | — | GPL | libwayland-server | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Built-in | Default for Cinnamon |
| Mutter (GNOME) | Compositing/Stacking | C | 2013 | 47.3 | 2025-01-08 | GPL-2.0-or-later | libwayland | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Built-in | Default for GNOME |
| niri | Scrolling/Tiling | Rust | 2023 | 25.11 | 2025-11-29 | GPL-3.0-or-later | Smithay | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Separate | Scrollable, tiling compositor |
| orbment | Tiling | C | — | — | — | GPL-3+ | libwayland-server | wlc, libinput | No | Yes | No | No | No shell | No code contribution since 2016 |
| River | Dynamic | Zig | 2020 | 0.3.5 | 2024-10-18 | GPL-3.0-only | wlroots | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | Generic compositor; uses separate WM |
| Sway | Tiling (i3-like) | C | 2015-09-23 | 1.11 | 2025-06-08 | MIT | wlroots | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | i3 replication |
| Way Cooler | Tiling | Rust | — | — | — | MIT | libwayland-server | wlc, libinput | No | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | Designed to replace AwesomeWM; unmaintained |
| Wayfire | Compositing | C++ | 2018 | 0.10.0 | 2025-08-27 | MIT | wlroots | libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Separate | 3D compositor; Compiz-inspired |
| Weston | Stacking | C | 2012 | 14.0.0 | 2024-09-04 | MIT | libweston | libwayland, libinput | Yes | Yes | Yes | POSIX | Built-in | Reference Implementation |
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
This is a list of display servers based on X11, Wayland, Linux framebuffer and other systems.
X.Org Server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System (X11) display server stewarded by the X.Org Foundation. Implementations of the client-side X Window System protocol exist in the form of X11 libraries, which serve as helpful APIs for communicating with the X server. Two such major X libraries exist for X11. The first of these libraries was Xlib, the original C language X11 API, but another C language X library, XCB, was created later in 2001. Other smaller X libraries exist, both as interfaces for Xlib and XCB in other languages, and as smaller standalone X libraries. The services with which the X.Org Foundation supports X Server include the packaging of the releases; certification (for a fee); evaluation of improvements to the code; developing the web site, and handling the distribution of monetary donations. The releases are coded, documented, and packaged by global developers.
Xming is an X11 display server for Microsoft Windows operating systems, including Windows XP and later.
Linux ( LIN-uuks) is a family of free and open-source software Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Some members of the family are typically packaged as a distribution (a.k.a. distro), which includes the kernel alongside supporting system software and libraries developed by third parties—such as GNU, Red Hat, and X.Org—to create a complete operating system; however, not all Linux-based operating systems are considered distros, with Android being an example. Linux was originally designed as a clone of Unix and is distributed under the copyleft GPL license. There are many thousands of Linux distributions, many based directly or indirectly on other distributions; popular Linux distros include Debian, Fedora Linux, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu, while commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE Linux Enterprise, and ChromeOS. Linux distributions are frequently used in server platforms. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses and recommends the name "GNU/Linux", to emphasize the use and importance of GNU software in many distributions. There is controversy surrounding this. Other than the Linux kernel, key components that make up a distribution may include a display server (windowing system), a package manager, a bootloader, and a Unix shell. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The Linux kernel is considered by many to be the largest free and open source project. While originally developed for x86-based personal computers, it has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. When combined with Android, which uses a Linux-based kernel and is designed for smartphones, they have the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.