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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
The Draupner platform is a gas platform for the extraction of natural gas in the North Sea consisting of the Draupner S and E riser platforms.[1][a] It is located in the Norwegian North Sea block 16/11 160 km (99 mi) offshore from Norway. The complex consists of seven risers and two riser platforms standing in 70 m (230 ft) water depth and linked by a bridge. Draupner E is the first major oil platform using jacket-type construction supported on a bucket foundation and suction anchors.[2][3] The complex is owned by Gassled and operated by Gassco. The technical service provider is Equinor.
The Draupner platform is a key hub for monitoring pressure, volume and quality of gas flows in Norway's offshore gas pipelines. Draupner S was installed in 1984 as part of the Statpipe system. It connects the Statpipe lines from Heimdal and Kårstø for onward transmission to the Ekofisk oil field. In April 1985, first gas was transferred through the platform. Draupner E was installed in 1994 as part of the Europipe I pipeline. Europipe I, Franpipe and Zeepipe II B are connected to the Draupner E, while Statpipe and Zeepipe I are connected to the Draupner S.[4]
The platform was built with an extensive array of instruments to monitor wave height, slope, acceleration and movement of the pillars and foundations. In 1995, a laser rangefinder monitoring instrument detected a rogue wave, which became known as the Draupner wave.[3][2] This wave provided additional scientific evidence for the existence of rogue waves to a previous observation done on the Gorm Platform in the Danish sector in 1984.
…the Draupner E. was the first major oil platform of the jacket-type (with a fixed steel jacket deck) in the world that was bolted to the seabed with bucket foundations instead of piles. Bucket foundations and suction anchors was a new type of anchorage that up till then had only been used on smaller buoys. But come the 1990s, this technology had been tested vigorously and Statoil decided to use it for bigger constructions, such as the Draupner E.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
The Draupner platform is a gas platform for the extraction of natural gas in the North Sea consisting of the Draupner S and E riser platforms. It is located in the Norwegian North Sea block 16/11 160 km (99 mi) offshore from Norway. The complex consists of seven risers and two riser platforms standing in 70 m (230 ft) water depth and linked by a bridge. Draupner E is the first major oil platform using jacket-type construction supported on a bucket foundation and suction anchors. The complex is owned by Gassled and operated by Gassco. The technical service provider is Equinor. The Draupner platform is a key hub for monitoring pressure, volume and quality of gas flows in Norway's offshore gas pipelines. Draupner S was installed in 1984 as part of the Statpipe system. It connects the Statpipe lines from Heimdal and Kårstø for onward transmission to the Ekofisk oil field. In April 1985, first gas was transferred through the platform. Draupner E was installed in 1994 as part of the Europipe I pipeline. Europipe I, Franpipe and Zeepipe II B are connected to the Draupner E, while Statpipe and Zeepipe I are connected to the Draupner S.
The Draupner wave, also known as the New Year's wave or Draupner freak wave, was a rare rogue wave that was the first to be detected by a measuring instrument. The wave, determined to be 25.6 m (84 ft) in height, was recorded on 1 January 1995 at Unit E of the Draupner platform, a gas pipeline support complex located in the North Sea about 160 km (100 miles) southwest from the southern tip of Norway. The Draupner platform rig, located in the Norwegian North Sea and 160 km (99 mi) offshore from Norway, was built to withstand a calculated 1-in-10,000-years wave with a predicted height of 20 m (64 ft) and was fitted with state-of-the-art sensors, including a laser rangefinder wave recorder on the platform's underside. On 31 December, a low pressure system was located over Sweden, with a north-western motion. This system produced large waves over the North Sea, although none was of significance. Early the next day, a polar low formed over the Norwegian portion of the North Sea, which produced heavy winds that set up the formation of the Draupner wave. The wave itself was first detected at 15:24 UTC on 1 January 1995 by a downward-pointing laser beam located on the Draupner S platform. The laser beam recorded a rogue wave with a maximum wave height of 25.6 m (84 ft). Peak elevation above still water level was 18.5 m (61 ft). The reading was confirmed by the other sensors. The platform sustained minor damage in the event. In the area, the significant wave height at the time was about 12 m (39 ft), so the Draupner wave was more than twice as tall and steep as its neighbors, with characteristics that fell outside any known wave model. The wave caused enormous interest in the scientific community. The wave, one of the largest ever documented in the North Sea, helped solidify the initial speculation that rogue waves did naturally occur, and as a result the wave was heavily studied in the years following the event.
Draupnir is a gold ring in Norse mythology with the ability to multiply itself. Draupnir may also refer to: Draupnir (dwarf), a dwarf mentioned in Völuspá. Draupnir (band), a black metal band from France. Draupner platform, the riser platform on the North Sea
NorSea Com-1, now called Tampnet, is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the North Sea linking the UK and Norway, and connecting five off-shore platforms. It has landing points in: Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK Kårstø, Rogaland, Norway And connecting the following platforms: Draupner platform, operated by Gassco Ula oil field, operated by BP Ekofisk, operated by ConocoPhillips Valhall oil field, operated by BP Murdoch gas field, operated by ConocoPhillips (now disconnected) The cable system is owned by Tampnet AS. Originally, NorSea Com was owned 50% by Telia and 50% by Enitel. After Enitel's bankruptcy in September 2001, Telia acquired the whole cable. In 2011, Tampnet AS acquired 100% of NorSeacom. Installation started in 1998 and the cable was ready for service in 1999 with an initial capacity of a STM-16 system of 2.5 Gbit/s. Later, Enitel added a 16x10 Gbit/s wavelength-division multiplexing system. The cable contains 24 optical fibers. NorSea Com-1 has a cable length of about 750 km between Draupner and Lowestoft. Between Draupner and Kårstø (ca 200 km) the system uses fibers in Equinor's submarine cable. The Tampnet cable was formerly connected to the Murdoch MD installation. The Murdoch field ceased production in 2018 when the Theddlethorpe gas terminal was closed. The cable was subsequently disconnected from MD prior to the installation being removed. The cable was rerouted and remains operational.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
