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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Katherine Johnson — Mathematics to the Moon

Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped guide some of America’s most important early space missions while she confronted the racial and gender barriers faced by Black women in twentieth-century America.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

World War II Army Good Conduct Medal awarded to Robert S. Jennings

Date
ca. 1944
Description
This is a World War II Good Conduct Medal awarded to Robert S. Jennings. The medal consists of a circular bronze medallion with two different bas relief designs, one on the obverse and one on the reverse, and an attached ribbon. The obverse of the medal depicts a fully frontal eagle perched on a Roman sword lying on top of a closed book. Around the perimeter of the medallion is raised text that reads “EFFICIENCY – HONOR – FIDELITY.” The obverse of the medal depicts a five pointed star just above the center with a blank scroll below it. Above the star is raised text that reads “FOR GOOD.” Below the scroll is raised text that reads “CONDUCT.” On the proper left side of the perimeter is a half wreath of laurel leaves. On the proper right side of the perimeter is a half wreath of oak leaves. The medal has a small bronze loop at the top that is attached to the ribbon portion. The ribbon to the World War II Good Conduct Medal consists of a scarlet background with three narrow white stripes on each side. The name "Robert S. / Jennings is engraved on the scroll on the reverse side of the medal.
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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Awards, Medals, and Insignia
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Estate of Ara Belle Brown Jennings and Robert Sydnor Jennings (La Vinia Delois Jennings, Executrix) Oct. 2022
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2022.91.6
Type
medals
Restrictions & Rights
No known copyright restrictions
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
bronze and ribbon
Dimensions
H x W: 2 7/8 × 1 7/16 in. (7.3 × 3.7 cm)
Title
Object Name • World War II Army Good Conduct Medal awarded to Robert S. Jennings
Record ID
nmaahc_2022.91.6
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
WORLD WAR II ARMY GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL AWARDED TO ROBERT S. JENNINGS
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1940s • 1939-1945
Geo Location
Country • United States • Continent • North and Central America
Type
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Media

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

NMAAHC

World War II letter from President Harry S. Truman to Robert S. Jennings

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Rock from Robert S. Jennings WW II posting with 56th Aviation Squadron

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

World War II Army Good Conduct Medal awarded to Robert S. Jennings

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

World War II Separation Qualification Record issued to Robert S. Jennings

Date: Date

Description

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Black woman became the first elected to the United States Congress?

Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.