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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Dz is a digraph of the Latin script, consisting of the consonants D and Z. It generally represents /d͡z/ in Latin alphabets, including Hungarian, Kashubian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak, and romanized Macedonian. However, it represents /t͡s/ in Chipewyan (Dënesųłinë́) and the ILE romanization of Cantonese, and is a pronunciation respelling of the letter D to represent /z/ in Vietnamese.[1]
Some Esperanto grammars, notably Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto,[2] consider dz to be a digraph for the voiced affricate [d͡z], as in edzo "husband". The case for this is "rather weak".[3] Most Esperantists, including Esperantist linguists (Janton,[4] Wells[5]), reject it.
| Hungarian language |
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| Alphabet |
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| Other features |
| Hungarian and English |
⟨Dz⟩ is the seventh letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It is called dzé (IPA: [d͡zeː]) as a letter of the alphabet, where it represents the voiced alveolar affricate phoneme /dz/.
⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of Hungarian orthography (1984).[6] Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩.
Like most Hungarian consonants, the sound /dz/ can be geminated. However, the letter is only doubled in writing (to ⟨ddz⟩) when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.
In several words, it is pronounced long, e.g. bodza, madzag, edz, pedz. In some other ones, short, e.g. dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij (usually at the beginning of words), though it is always short after another consonant (e.g. in brindza).
In several verbs ending in -dzik (approximately fifty), there is a free alternation with -zik, e.g. csókolódzik or csókolózik, lopódzik or lopózik. In other verbs, there is no variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with ⟨z⟩) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with ⟨dz⟩, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) "to correspond", but leveledzik "to produce leaves".
Usage of this letter is similar to that of Polish and Slovak languages: though ⟨dz⟩ is a digraph composed of ⟨d⟩ and ⟨z⟩, it is considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.
Dz generally represents [d͡z]. However, when followed by i it is palatalized to [d͡ʑ].
Compare dz followed by i:
ⓘ (child)
ⓘ (girl, girlfriend)
In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth letter of the Slovak alphabet. Example words with this phoneme include:
The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:
However, when d and z come from different morphemes, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).
Dz is sometimes used in Vietnamese names as a pronunciation respelling of the letter D. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter D, including Dũng, Dụng, and Dương. Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in the Vietnamese alphabet represents either /z/ (Northern Vietnamese) or /j/ (Southern Vietnamese), while the letter Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (/ɗ/) or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (/ʔd/).[7] Z is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.
Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with Dz instead of D, emphasizing the northern pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter Dzoãn Mẫn, the poet Hồ Dzếnh, and the television chef Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân.[8] Other examples include Bùi Dzinh and Trương Đình Dzu.
Some Overseas Vietnamese residing in English-speaking countries also replace D with Dz in their names. A male named Dũng may spell his name Dzung to avoid being called "dung" in social contexts.[1] Examples of this usage include Vietnamese-Americans Việt Dzũng and Dzung Tran. (Occasionally, D is instead replaced by Y to emphasize the Saigonese pronunciation, as with Yung Krall.[9])
Dz is represented in Unicode as three separate glyphs within the Latin Extended-B block. It is one of the rare characters that has separate glyphs for each of its uppercase, title case, and lowercase forms.
| Code | Glyph | Decimal | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| U+01F1 | DZ
|
DZ | Latin Capital Letter DZ |
| U+01F2 | Dz
|
Dz | Latin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z |
| U+01F3 | dz
|
dz | Latin Small Letter DZ |
The single-character versions are designed for compatibility with Yugoslav encodings supporting Romanization of Macedonian, where this digraph corresponds to the Cyrillic letter Ѕ.
Additional variants of the Dz digraph are also encoded in Unicode.
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Dz is a digraph of the Latin script, consisting of the consonants D and Z. It generally represents /d͡z/ in Latin alphabets, including Hungarian, Kashubian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak, and romanized Macedonian. However, it represents /t͡s/ in Chipewyan (Dënesųłinë́) and the ILE romanization of Cantonese, and is a pronunciation respelling of the letter D to represent /z/ in Vietnamese.
Dzze (Ꚉ ꚉ; italics: Ꚉ ꚉ) is a letter of the old Abkhaz, Ossetic and Komi alphabets. It represents the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate [d͡ʑ]. It resembles the letter De with a tail of a small Ze. In Ossetian, it was later replaced with digraph Dz (currently Дз). It is used to distinguish the affricate /d͜z/ from the sequence d-z in some phonetic dictionaries.
Dzili, or Dzil (Asomtavruli: Ⴛ; Nuskhuri: ⴛ; Mkhedruli: ძ; Mtavruli: Ძ; Georgian: ძილი, ძილ) is the 31st letter of the three Georgian scripts. In the system of Georgian numerals, it has a value of 3000. Dzili commonly represents the voiced alveolar affricate /dz/, like the pronunciation of ⟨ds⟩ in "pads". It is typically romanized with the digraph Dz, or with the letters J, Ż, and Ʒ.
A digraph (from Ancient Greek δίς (dís) 'double' and γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. Some digraphs represent phonemes that cannot be represented with a single character in the writing system of a language, like ⟨ch⟩ in Spanish chico and ocho. Other digraphs represent phonemes that can also be represented by single characters. A digraph that shares its pronunciation with a single character may be a relic from an earlier period of the language when the digraph had a different pronunciation, or may represent a distinction that is made only in certain dialects, like the English ⟨wh⟩. Some such digraphs are used for purely etymological reasons, like ⟨ph⟩ in French. In some orthographies, a digraph (or a trigraph) is considered to constitute a letter, which means that it has its own place in the alphabet and cannot be separated into its constituent graphemes for purposes of sorting, abbreviating, or hyphenating words. Digraphs are used in some romanization schemes, e.g. ⟨zh⟩ as a romanisation of Russian ⟨ж⟩. The capitalisation of digraphs can vary, e.g. ⟨sz⟩ in Polish is capitalized ⟨Sz⟩, and ⟨kj⟩ in Norwegian is capitalized ⟨Kj⟩, while ⟨ij⟩ in Dutch is capitalized ⟨IJ⟩ and word initial ⟨dt⟩ in Irish is capitalized ⟨dT⟩. Digraphs may also develop into ligatures, but the two concepts are distinct; a digraph's essential feature is its sound, while a ligature is visual, graphically fusing two characters into one, e.g. when ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ become ⟨œ⟩, e.g. as in French cœur "heart".
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.