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GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS GREENWOOD / BLACK WALL STREET WILMINGTON 1898 LITTLE ROCK NINE TUSKEGEE STUDY ROSEWOOD 1923 THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN SENECA VILLAGE BLACK TOWNS
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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Wilmington 1898 — An American Coup

Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.

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BHP gathered finds from its connected research sources. Showing the 4 strongest Black History matches.
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NMAAHC

Soul Force: Official Journal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vol. 5 no. 2

Date
August 1971
Written by
Stoney Cooks, American, 1943 - 2023
Carl E. Farris, American, 1938 - 1979
Published by
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, American, founded 1957
Edited by
Janet Bunje
Ernest Green
Linda Faust
Mary Wadley
Photograph by
Elaine Tomlin, American, died 1995
David Bunje
David Earl Reed
Subject of
Senator James Eastland, American, 1904 - 1986
President Richard M. Nixon, American, 1913 - 1994
Spiro Agnew, American, 1918 - 1996
Angela Y. Davis, American, born 1944
Walter Fauntroy, American, born 1933
Eugene McCarthy, American, 1916 - 2005
Coretta Scott King, American, 1927 - 2006
Rev. Jesse Jackson, American, 1941 - 2026
Daniel Ellsberg, American, born 1931
James Groppi, American, 1930 - 1985
Charles Koen, American, 1945 - 2018
Clydia Koen
John Conyers Jr., American, 1929 - 2019
Rev. William Augustus Jones Jr., American, 1934 - 2006
Dr. Randolph Blackwell, American, 1927 - 1981
Al Hubbard, American, born 1936
Rosa Parks, American, 1913 - 2005
Hosea Williams, American, 1926 - 2000
Description
Soul Force newsletter, volume 5, number 2. The newsletter is printed on newsprint paper with black type. The newsletter is folded together but not stapled. The front cover features large silhouette images of four men giving black power salutes. They are depicted in profile and with their backs to the viewer. They are facing a line of men, in the distance, standing against a railing, also giving black power salutes. Printed in the top third of the front cover is the masthead on the left that reads, [SOUL / force], and the date on the right that reads, [AUGUST / 1971]. The back cover is formatted like a post card, with a pre-registration form for the 14th Annual Southeastern Christian Leadership (SCLC) event. The newsletter is fifteen (15) pages and includes articles and black-and-white images throughout. Articles titles include: [Did You Know?], [Politics ‘72], [comment:], [Nixon’s / FREEZE], [Hosea / Williams], [Breadbasket], [SCLC CONVENTION / ‘not the man, but the plan, / not the rap, but the map”] about the SCLC Convention in New Orleans, and [South Africa: REPRESSION GETS WORSE]. The first page, located on the interior of front cover, lists the Editorial Board members, editorial staff names, and press names, along with the volume and issue number.
Place printed
Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted
South Africa, Africa
New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
Topic
African American
Activism
Africa
American South
Communication
Politics
Religion
See more items in
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification
Memorabilia and Ephemera - Political and Activist Ephemera
Books and Published Materials
Credit Line
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
Data Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number
2015.130.6
Type
newsletters
Restrictions & Rights
Public domain
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
Medium
ink on newsprint
Dimensions
H x W (Closed): 10 3/4 × 8 1/8 in. (27.3 × 20.6 cm)
H x W (Open): 10 3/4 × 16 1/4 in. (27.3 × 41.3 cm)
Title
Title • Soul Force: Official Journal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vol. 5 no. 2
Record ID
nmaahc_2015.130.6
Museum
NMAAHC
Title Sort
SOUL FORCE: OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE VOL. 5 NO. 2
Source
National Museum of African American History and Culture
Metadata Usage
CC0
Date
1970s
Name
Koen, Charles • Nixon, Richard Milhous • Eastland, James • Cooks, Stoney • Parks, Rosa Louise • McCarthy, Eugene • Groppi, James • Koen, Clydia • Davis, Angela Y. • Fauntroy, Walter • Faust, Linda • Williams, Hosea • Reed, David Earl • Jones, William Augustus • Blackwell, Randolph • Jackson, Jesse • Hubbard, Al • Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Bunje, Janet • Farris, Carl E. • Tomlin, Elaine • Bunje, David • Wadley, Mary • Ellsberg, Daniel • King, Coretta Scott • Conyers, John • Agnew, Spiro • Green, Ernest
Place
Orleans Parish • Atlanta • United States • North and Central America • Fulton County • Louisiana • South Africa • New Orleans • Georgia
Topic
Activism • American South • Religion • Politics • Communication
Culture
African Americans
Geo Location
City • Atlanta • County • Fulton County • State • Georgia • Country • United States • Continent • North and Central America • Country • South Africa • Continent • Africa • City • New Orleans • County • Orleans Parish • State • Louisiana
Type
Newsletters
Online Media Type
Images
Online Media Rights
No Known Copyright Restrictions

Media

Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Rights and restrictions shown above are supplied by the Smithsonian record.

NMAAHC

Sharecropper's agreement between Daniel Weaver and James Crow

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Revision Path: Episode 37; Jon Daniel

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Description

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NMAAHC

Soul Force: Official Journal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vol. 5 no. 2

Date: Date

Description

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NMAAHC

Octavia and Danielle, Revlon Ball, Manhattan, NY, 1997

Date: Date

Caption

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Who was the first African-American woman millionaire in the United States?

Madam C.J. Walker