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Wilmington, North Carolina once had a thriving Black middle class and an elected interracial government. In 1898 white supremacists used violence to overthrow that government, kill Black residents and drive many others from the city.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
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Exalted Highness (in address Your Exalted Highness and in reference His Exalted Highness, the latter is abbreviated as H.E.H.) is a formal style used to address the Nizam of Hyderabad of Berar. It is a more elevated style than His Highness.
The Hyderabad State, which was the premier princely state of India, covered an area of 82,698 square miles.[1][2] Upon the outbreak of World War I in Europe in 1914, the then Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, placed the resources of his state and its troops at the disposal of George V and of the British government.[3][4] The first thing he did was make a £400,000 contribution towards the war expenses.[5][6] He also paid, in particular, the entire cost incurred during the war by the regiment of Imperial Service Troops maintained by his own state and by the 20th Deccan Horse.[5][6] The former was dispatched to Egypt in 1914 and remained in service there and in Palestine throughout the war.[7] During the service, it saw action several times and sustained a number of casualties.[7]
The state also deputed 100 rough-riders and 2 officers to Mathura in 1915 to train horses for the cavalry throughout the war.[7] It appointed assistant recruiting officers, financed all recruiting expenses, and recruited 5,000 men for the Indian Army by June 1918.[7] It also permitted European and Anglo-Indian civil officers to join the army while retaining their civil appointments, pension rights and receiving allowances, and granted special leave and pay concessions to government employees undergoing Indian Defence Force training.[7] The state also re-armed the 20th Deccan Horse with new-pattern swords at the cost of Rs. 10,000, provided chargers to its six officers, and sold the Government of India 167 mules, 150 cavalry horses and 35 artillery horses.[7]
The state also loaned 50 lakhs in silver bullion to the Government of India in 1918, and its mint stamp department printed and supplied, free of charge, the Madras War Fund Stamps and the Hyderabad Ladies' War Relief Association Stamps.[7][8]
The state made the following financial contributions towards the war effort:
| No. | Description | Type | Amount (Rs.) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4% loan of 1916–1917 | Subscriptions to the War Loans | 39,00,000 | [9][10] |
| 2 | 5% loan of 1929–1947 | 75,00,000 | ||
| 3 | 5½% War Bonds repayable in 1921 | 50,00,000 | ||
| 4 | Contribution towards payment of the war charges of the 20th Deccan Horse and 1st Hyderabad Imperial Service Cavalry | Free gifts | 1,53,00,000 | |
| 5 | Contribution towards the Prince of Wales's Relief Fund | 1,00,000 | ||
| 6 | Contribution to the Imperial Relief Fund of India | 1,00,000 | ||
| 7 | Contribution to the admiralty in aid of the Anti-Submarine Campaign | 15,00,000 | ||
| 8 | Special donation towards the prosecution of the war | 15,00,000 | ||
| 9 | Contribution from the "Our Day" collections to the Red Cross | 1,00,000 | ||
| 10 | Contribution to Their Majesties for the relief of sufferers from the war on the occasion of their 25th wedding anniversary | 3,75,000 | ||
| 11 | Share of the expenditure of Hospital Ship Loyalty | 2,00,000 | ||
| 12 | Other subscriptions | Subscriptions | 1,44,000 |
This special style of Exalted Highness originated on 24 January 1918, when George V, in recognition of the help provided and services rendered by Mir Osman Ali Khan and his state during World War I, singled him out from the rest of the ruling princes of India and conferred upon him this style as a hereditary distinction.[11][12]
The text of the letter dated 24 January 1918, which George V wrote from Buckingham Palace to Mir Osman Ali Khan to confer this style on him, is below:[11]
Your Exalted Highness,
It has given me great satisfaction to show my appreciation of the eminent services which you have rendered to my Empire during the War by conferring upon you the special style of "Exalted Highness" and by confirming to you formally the honourable title of "Faithful Ally" of the British Government by which Your Exalted Highness and your predecessors have long emphasized your loyalty to my ancestors and myself. Following the high example of your illustrious predecessors at the time of the signature of the early treaties between the British Government and the Hyderabad State and afterwards in the days of the Indian Mutiny, Your Exalted Highness has again given in your own person clear proof of your right to bear that historic title. In the prominent position enjoyed by Your Exalted Highness as the leading Muhammadan Prince of India, your loyalty was displayed in the early months of the present war by the issue of a Proclamation enjoining on your subjects and impressing on your co-religionists throughout India the duty of firm and steadfast devotion to my Throne and Empire. The munificent contribution made by Your Exalted Highness from time to time for objects connected with the war have borne striking and public testimony to the strength of the enduring bond which unites the destinies of Great Britain and Hyderabad.
Trusting that Your Exalted Highness may long continue to enjoy health and prosperity, I sign myself your sincere friend and Emperor,
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Exalted Highness (in address Your Exalted Highness and in reference His Exalted Highness, the latter is abbreviated as H.E.H.) is a formal style used to address the Nizam of Hyderabad of Berar. It is a more elevated style than His Highness.
Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII (5 or 6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967) was the last Nizam (ruler) of Hyderabad State, the largest state in the erstwhile British Indian Empire. He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911, at the age of 25 and ruled the State of Hyderabad until 1948, when the Indian Union annexed it. He was styled as His Exalted Highness (H.E.H) the Nizam of Hyderabad, and was widely considered one of the world's wealthiest people of all time. With some estimates placing his wealth at 2% of U.S. GDP, his portrait was on the cover of Time magazine in 1937. As a semi-autonomous monarch, he had his mint, printing his currency, the Hyderabadi rupee, and had a private treasury that was said to contain £100 million in gold and silver bullion, and a further £400 million of jewels (in 2008 terms). The major source of his wealth was the Golconda mines, the only supplier of diamonds in the world at that time. Among them was the Jacob Diamond, valued at some £50 million (in 2008 terms), and used by the Nizam as a paperweight. During his 37-year rule, electricity was introduced, and railways, roads, and airports were developed. He was known as the "Architect of modern Hyderabad" and is credited with establishing many public institutions in the city of Hyderabad, including Osmania University, Osmania General Hospital, State Bank of Hyderabad, Begumpet Airport, and the Hyderabad High Court. Two reservoirs, Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar, were built during his reign, to prevent future flooding after the Great Musi Flood of 1908 in the city. The Nizam also constructed the Nizam Sagar Dam and, in 1923, a reservoir was constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River, between Achampet (Nizamabad) and Banjepally villages of Kamareddy district in Telangana, India. It is located at about 144 km (89 mi) northwest of Hyderabad and is the oldest dam in the state. The Nizam had refused to accede Hyderabad to India after the country's independence on 15 August 1947. He wanted his domains to remain an independent state or join Pakistan. Later, he wanted his state to join India; however, his power had weakened because of the Telangana Rebellion and the rise of a radical militia known as the Razakars, whom he could not put down. In 1948, the Indian Army invaded and annexed Hyderabad State and defeated the Razakars. The Nizam became the Rajpramukh of Hyderabad State between 1950 and 1956, after which the state was partitioned and became part of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. In 1951, he started the construction of Nizam Orthopedic Hospital (now known as Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS)) and leased it to the government for 99 years for a monthly rent of Rs.1. He also donated 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) of land from his estate to Vinobha Bhave's Bhoodan movement for re-distribution among landless farmers.
Heh or HEH may refer to: Heh (god), an Egyptian deity Heh (letter), the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets (H.E.H) His Exalted Highness, A salutation style used for the Nizams of Hyderabad State Hehe language, spoken in Tanzania Heho Airport, in Shan State, Burma Helium hydride ion (HeH+) House of European History, a museum in Brussels.
Highness (in address Your Highness and in reference His/Her Highness and Their Highnesses, the latter two abbreviated respectively H.H. and T.H.) is a formal style used to address (in second person) or refer to (in third person) certain members of a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty. It is typically used with a possessive adjective: "His Highness", "Her Highness" (HH), "Their Highnesses" (TH), etc. Although often combined with other adjectives of honour indicating rank, such as "Imperial", "Royal" or "Serene", it may be used alone. Highness is, both literally and figuratively, the quality of being lofty or above. It is used as a term to evoke dignity or honour, and to acknowledge the exalted rank of the person so described.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.
