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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME
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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

Ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century

Mansa Musa was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa. Details recorded here should be sourced; unknown information is left blank.

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Wikipedia

FOCAL character set

In computing FOCAL character set refers to a group of 8-bit single byte character sets introduced by Hewlett-Packard since 1979. It was used in several RPN calculators supporting the FOCAL programming language, like the HP-41C/CV/CX as well as the later HP-42S,[1][2] which was introduced in 1988[1][2] and produced up to 1995. As such, it is also used by SwissMicros' DM41/L, both introduced in 2015, and is implicitly supported by the DM42, introduced in 2017 (although the later calculator utilizes Free42, which is based on Unicode internally).

Character set

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The character set is derived from ASCII, but with the control code range and some high bit characters replaced by various special characters.

FOCAL character set (HP-41C/CV/CX / HP 82143A)[3][4][5]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x ‾/♦ × x̅/ā ← α β Γ ↓ Δ σ ♦ λ µ/μ ∡/∠ τ Φ
1x θ Ω δ Å å Ä ä Ö ö Ü ü Æ æ ≠ £/₤ ▒
2x  SP  ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ↑/^ _
6x `/⊤ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z π | → Σ ⊦[nb 1]
  Characters not in all versions

When Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP-42S in 1988, the FOCAL character set was revised to include more characters, including a number of characters already provided by the HP 82240A infrared thermo printer, which had been introduced in 1986,[6] as part of its extended variant of the 1985 revision of the HP Roman-8 character set,[7][8] although at completely different code points.

There is no code point definition for the euro sign in this character set.

Revised FOCAL character set (HP-42S)[1]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x ÷ × √ ∫ ░ Σ ▶[nb 2] π ¿ ≤ LF/EOT ≥ ≠ ↵ ↓ →
1x ← µ/μ £/₤ ° Å Ñ Ä ∡/∠ ᴇ/⏨ Æ …/‥ ␛ Ö Ü ▒ ■/·
2x  SP  ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ↑/^ _
6x ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ ⊦[nb 1]
8x ¦? ¥? ▓? ␊

Translation from HP-42S character set to the modified HP Roman-8 (supported by HP 82240A etc.) character set:

HP translation vector
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0x81 0x82 0x83 0x84 0x04 0x85 0x86 0x87 0x08 0x89 0x04 0x8A 0x8B 0x0D 0x0E 0x8D
1x 0x8E 0x8F 0xAF 0xB3 0xA2 0xB6 0xD8 0xA0 0x18 0xD3 0x9B 0x1B 0xDA 0xDB 0x7F 0xF2
7x 0x70 0x71 0x72 0x73 0x74 0x75 0x76 0x77 0x78 0x79 0x7A 0x7B 0x7C 0x7D 0x7E 0x94
8x 0x80 0x81 0x82 0x83 0x84 0x85 0x86 0x87 0x88 0x89 0x90 0x8B 0x8C 0x8D 0x8E 0x8F

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b The glyph at code point 127 (⊦) is called APPEND character in Hewlett-Packard terminology. In the HP-41C/CV/CX and HP-42S series of calculators, it is used to indicate that the following characters will be appended to the alpha register rather than replacing the existing contents of the register.
  2. ^ The glyph at code point 6 is called GOOSE character in Hewlett-Packard terminology. While U+25B6 (▶) is the preferred Unicode character for maximum cross-compatibility with established RPL character set mappings, Free42 since release 2.0.1 (2017-04-23) maps to U+25B8 (▸) instead. [1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c RPN Scientific Calculator - Owner's Manual - HP-42S (PDF) (1 ed.). Hewlett-Packard. June 1988. pp. 288–291. 00042-90001, 00042-90002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  2. ^ a b HP-42S RPN Scientific - Programming Examples and Techniques (PDF) (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett-Packard Company, Corvallis Division. July 1988. 00042-90020, 00042-90019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2018-01-04.
  3. ^ Hicks, David G. (2017) [1998]. "HP-41C Synthetic Programming". The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC). Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  4. ^ Hicks, David G. (1997). "Graphic byte code table". The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC). Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  5. ^ HP 82143A Printer Owner's Handbook (PDF) (Rev. C ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett-Packard, Corvallis Division. March 1983. p. 37. 82143-90001. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2022.
  6. ^ Nelson, Richard J. (May 2010). "HP 82240B IR Printer" (PDF). HP Solve (18). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
  7. ^ HP 82240A Infrared Printer (PDF) (2 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett Packard, Portable Computer Division. October 1986. HP reorder number 82240-90001 (82240-90008). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
  8. ^ HP 82240B Infrared Printer (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: Hewlett Packard. August 1989. pp. 17–18. HP reorder number 82240-90014.

Further reading

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Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

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Wikipedia

FOCAL character set

In computing FOCAL character set refers to a group of 8-bit single byte character sets introduced by Hewlett-Packard since 1979. It was used in several RPN calculators supporting the FOCAL programming language, like the HP-41C/CV/CX as well as the later HP-42S, which was introduced in 1988 and produced up to 1995. As such, it is also used by SwissMicros' DM41/L, both introduced in 2015, and is implicitly supported by the DM42, introduced in 2017 (although the later calculator utilizes Free42, which is based on Unicode internally).

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Wikipedia

HP calculator character set

HP calculator character set refers to various calculator character sets used in calculators manufactured by Hewlett-Packard. These include: FOCAL character set, a character set used by some calculators supporting the FOCAL programming language between 1979 and 1995 Modified HP Roman-8, a variant of Hewlett-Packard's Roman-8 used on some calculators between 1986 and 2015 RPL character set, a character set used on various Hewlett-Packard RPL calculators between 1989 and 2015 Unicode, a character set used on some new calculators since 2011 (39gII, Prime)

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Wikipedia

Focal character

In any narrative, the focal character is the character on whom the audience is meant to place the majority of their interest and attention. They are almost always also the protagonist of the story; however, in cases where the "focal character" and "protagonist" are separate, the focal character's emotions and ambitions are not meant to be empathized with by the audience to as high an extent as the protagonist (this is the main difference between the two character terms). The focal character is mostly created to simply be the "excitement" of the story, though not necessarily the main character about whom the audience is emotionally concerned. The focal character is, more than anyone else, "the person on whom the spotlight focuses; the center of attention; the man whose reactions dominate the screen." For example, in Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera, the protagonist is Christine Daaé (the audience is concerned mostly with her emotions, aims, and well-being), while the focal character is the "Phantom" (the audience is concerned mostly with the allure of his actions and reactions—though to some degree, later on, his emotions as well). The focal character is also not necessarily the same thing as the viewpoint character, through whose perspective the story is seen. In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's works of Sherlock Holmes, Watson is the viewpoint character, but the story revolves around Holmes, making him the focal character. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Nick Carraway is the first-person narrator and protagonist, but his wealthy neighbor Jay Gatsby is the center of the novel's attention, suspense, and intrigue.

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Wikipedia

Lotus International Character Set

The Lotus International Character Set (LICS) is a proprietary single-byte character encoding introduced in 1985 by Lotus Development Corporation. It is based on the 1983 DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS) for VT220 terminals. As such, LICS is also similar to two other descendants of MCS, the ECMA-94 character set of 1985 and the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set of 1987. LICS was first introduced as the character set of Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2 for DOS in 1985. It is also utilized by 2.01, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 as well as by Symphony. It was also utilized in a number of third-party spreadsheet products emulating the file format. LICS was superseded by the Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set (LMBCS) introduced by Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3 in 1989.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

What prosperous Tulsa district became widely known as “Black Wall Street”?

The Greenwood District.