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In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Fimbulwinter (Old Norse: Fimbulvetr, lit. 'mighty winter') is the immediate prelude to the events of Ragnarök in Norse mythology.
The Old Norse term Fimbulvetr means "awful, mighty winter". The prefix fimbul-, albeit with a largely unknown etymology, means "mighty, giant" etc., so the literal interpretation is "mighty winter".[1]
Fimbulwinter is the harsh winter that precedes the end of the world. Fimbulwinter is three successive winters, when snow comes in from all directions, without any intervening summer. Innumerable wars follow.
The event is described primarily in the Poetic Edda. In the poem Vafþrúðnismál, Odin poses the question to Vafþrúðnir as to who of mankind will survive the Fimbulwinter. Vafþrúðnir responds that Líf and Lífþrasir will survive and that they will live in the forest of Hoddmímis holt.
The mythology might be related to the volcanic winter of 536, which resulted in a notable drop in temperature across northern Europe. The event has become known as the fimbulwinter of 536 in Sweden (fimbulvintern 536). There have also been several popular ideas about whether the particular piece of mythology has a connection to the climate change that occurred in the Nordic countries at the end of the Nordic Bronze Age from about 650 BC.[2][3]
In Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and other Nordic countries, the term Fimbulvetr still refers to an unusually cold and harsh winter.[1]
Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.
Fimbulwinter (Old Norse: Fimbulvetr, lit. 'mighty winter') is the immediate prelude to the events of Ragnarök in Norse mythology.
Fimbulwinter was a black metal band from the early Norwegian black metal scene. They formed in Oslo during 1992 and released two demos that year. In 1994, they released their only album, Servants of Sorcery, featuring a cover of Celtic Frost's "Morbid Tales", which was the first release by Hot Records. The band broke up shortly after. Guitarist Shagrath joined Dimmu Borgir and bassist Skoll joined Ulver. The band is named after Fimbulvetr (or Fimbulvinter), an event in Norse mythology.
Fimbul is an Old Norse word often used as a prefix for "giant" or "mighty", which is found in: Fimbulwinter (Old Norse: Fimbulvetr), a heavy winter that preludes the events of Ragnarök Volcanic winter of 536, a 6th century volcanic winter in Europe, in modern Swedish often called "Fimbulwinter"
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse are figures in the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Bible, a piece of apocalypse literature attributed to John of Patmos, and generally regarded as dating from about AD 95. Similar allusions are contained in the Old Testament books of Ezekiel and Zechariah, written centuries prior. Though the text only provides a name for the fourth horseman, subsequent commentary often identifies them as personifications of Conquest, War, Famine, and Death. Revelation 6 tells of a book or scroll in God's right hand that is sealed with seven seals. The Lamb of God/Lion of Judah opens the first four of the seven seals, which summons four beings that ride out on white, red, black, and pale horses. All of the horsemen save for Death are portrayed as being human in appearance. In John's revelation the first horseman rides a white horse, carries a bow, and is given a crown as a figure of conquest, perhaps invoking the Antichrist. The second carries a sword and rides a red horse as the creator of war, conflict, and strife. The third, a food merchant, rides a black horse symbolizing famine and carries a pair of scales. The fourth and final horse is pale, upon it rides Death, accompanied by Hades. "They were given authority over a quarter of the Earth, to kill with sword, famine and plague, and by means of the beasts of the Earth." Christianity typically interprets the Four Horsemen as a vision of harbingers of the Last Judgment, setting a divine end-time upon the world.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Shirley Chisholm, elected in 1968.