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THE JOURNEY THROUGH TIME

Explore Black History

Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.

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Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.

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Sports

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People

Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.

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Places

Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.

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Events

Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.

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MY'STORY

The MOVE Fire

This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985 Philadelphia police fired thousands of rounds at the MOVE house, city officials approved dropping an explosive device on the roof, the resulting fire was allowed to burn, 11 people—including five children—died, and 61 homes were destroyed. Philadelphia City Council later called it a “brutal attack carried out by the City of Philadelphia on its own citizens” and acknowledged that no individual faced criminal consequences for the bombing. One timeline correction worth preserving for the BHP record: the major previous MOVE-police confrontation was August 8, 1978, about seven years before the bombing, not a year or two earlier. Officer James Ramp was killed, other police and firefighters were wounded, nine MOVE members were later convicted, and television cameras recorded police beating Delbert Africa during his arrest. The 1985 MOVE Commission later specifically criticized city planners for failing to adequately use lessons from that 1978 confrontation. And that actually strengthens the point you’re making: 1985 did not happen without precedent or institutional memory. There had already been a deadly confrontation with MOVE, years of conflict, negotiations and police involvement before Osage Avenue.

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BLACK FACTS
The Truths They Never Taught You...

The Violence That Helped Spark the NAACP

In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.

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Wikipedia

Fjard

The fjard of Somes Sound, Maine, USA.

A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA: [ˈfjæːɖ]) is a broad, shallow inlet formed by receding glaciers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word, and they generally meant sailable waterway. In Scandinavia, fjords dominate along the North Sea coast while fjards dominate the Baltic Sea coast. The Swedish word fjärd is also used in reference to lake-like sections of rivers and large open areas of water between parts of an archipelago or part of an archipelago and the mainland.[1]

Fjards vs. fjords vs. förden vs. rias

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Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a glacially formed topography, they still differ in some key ways:

  • Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels.
  • Fjards are glacial depressions or valleys that have much lower reliefs than fjords. Fjards fill with eroded local materials which assist in "filling", along with rising sea levels since the last ice age contributing as well. Other low relief landforms that are only associated with fjards, such as mud flats, salt marshes, and flood plains,[2] further characterize the difference between fjords and fjards.
  • "Förden" of the German coast and the fjords of Danish eastern Jutland together form a third type of glacial inlet. They tend to occur along older 'beheaded' river channels and open into the tideless Baltic sea.
  • Rias are drowned valleys, such as the estuaries of Thames, Severn and Humber and the firths of Tay and Forth.

Examples

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Denmark

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Finland

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  • Airisto in the Turku Archipelago
  • Kihti between the Turku Archipelago and Åland
  • Porkkalanselkä west from Porkkala peninsula
  • Seurasaarenselkä and Kruunuvuorenselkä in Helsinki

Republic of Ireland

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Sweden

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United Kingdom

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Scotland

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Wales

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United States

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References

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  1. ^ "fjärd". Svenska Akademins Ordbok (in Swedish). Vol. 18. Swedish Academy. 1924. Paragraph L 698. Retrieved 2026-03-14.
  2. ^ ABPmer and HR Wallingford. 2007. Understanding and Managing Morphological Change in Estuaries, Ch. 3 of The Estuary-Guide: A website based overview of how to identify and predict morphological change within estuaries., Joint Defra/EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D Programme. UK Department for Environment, Food, and Public Affairs.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Development_and_Demonstration_of_Systems_Based_Estuary_Simulators_-technical_Report.pdf (PDF). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. June 2009.
  4. ^ Bird, E.C.F., 2008, Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. West Sussex, England. ISBN 978-0-470-51729-1
  5. ^ Cooper, J. A. G. (2006). "Geomorphology of Irish estuaries: inherited and dynamic controls". Journal of Coastal Research: 176–180. JSTOR 25741557.
  6. ^ Jackson, J.A., 1997, Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia. ISBN 0-922152-34-9
  7. ^ Goudie, A., 2004, Encyclopedia of Geomorphology. Routledge. London, England. ISBN 0-415-27298-X

Source: Wikipedia. Article content is retrieved live through the MediaWiki API.

Wikipedia

Fjard

A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA: [ˈfjæːɖ]) is a broad, shallow inlet formed by receding glaciers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word, and they generally meant sailable waterway. In Scandinavia, fjords dominate along the North Sea coast while fjards dominate the Baltic Sea coast. The Swedish word fjärd is also used in reference to lake-like sections of rivers and large open areas of water between parts of an archipelago or part of an archipelago and the mainland.

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Wikipedia

Galten (basin)

Galten is a fjard of Lake Mälaren, the third-largest lake in Sweden. It is the westernmost part of the lake, and is connected to the fjard of Blacken in the east through the strait of Kvicksund.

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Wikipedia

Killary Harbour

Killary Harbour or Killary Fjord (Irish: An Caoláire Rua, meaning 'the red fjord') is a fjord or fjard on the west coast of Ireland, in northern Connemara. To its north is County Mayo and the mountains of Mweelrea and Ben Gorm; to its south is County Galway and the Maumturk Mountains.

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Wikipedia

Somes Sound

Somes Sound is a fjard running deep into Mount Desert Island, the main site of Acadia National Park in Maine, United States. Its deepest point is approximately 175 feet (50 m), and it is over 100 feet (30 m) deep in several places. The sound almost splits the island in two. While often described as the "only fjord on the East Coast", it lacks the extreme vertical relief and anoxic sediments associated with Norwegian fjords, and is now called a fjard by officials — a smaller drowned glacial embayment. Somes Sound was named for Abraham Somes, who was one of the first settlers on the island and had a home at the end of the sound in Somesville, the first village on the island.

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TOPIC OF THE DAY

Greenwood / Black Wall Street

Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.

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TRIVIA QUESTION OF THE DAY

Which Supreme Court case ruled state-sponsored public-school segregation unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.