Civil Rights
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
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Explore the people, places, events, achievements, struggles and stories that shaped our journey.
Movements, leaders, victories and the continuing fight for equality.
Innovation, patents, science, technology and world-changing contributions.
Pioneers, champions, Negro Leagues, records, activism and excellence.
Meet the people whose lives, choices and achievements shaped the journey.
Black towns, communities, institutions and places where history happened.
Moments that changed communities, movements, institutions and the nation.
In August 1908, a white mob attacked Springfield, Illinois’s Black community, destroying homes and businesses and lynching two Black men. National outrage over the violence helped spur the movement that created the NAACP the following year.
MORE →Reflects the personal views, recollections, and perspective of the author, Mike Davis.
This is a personal recollection on the Move fire on May 13, 1985
Font embedding is the inclusion of font files inside an electronic document for display across different platforms. Font embedding is controversial because it allows licensed fonts to be freely distributed.
Font embedding has been possible with Portable Document Format (PDF), Microsoft Word for Windows and some other applications for many years. LibreOffice supports font embedding since version 4.1 in its Writer, Calc and Impress applications.
Microsoft Word for Windows has permitted font embedding in some document formats since Word 97 (such as .doc or .rtf). But this feature does not work correctly in some Word versions.[1]
LibreOffice supports font embedding since version 4.1. This feature is available for LibreOffice Writer, the spreadsheet application LibreOffice Calc, and the presentation application LibreOffice Impress.[2]
Both OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice support font embedding in the PDF export feature.[3]
Font embedding in word processors is not widely supported nor interoperable.[4][5] For example, if a .rtf file made in Microsoft Word is opened in LibreOffice Writer, it will usually remove the embedded fonts.[citation needed]
Browsers Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera and Google Chrome support automatic downloading of fonts used on a website using CSS2 or CSS3.[citation needed]
Font embedding is a controversial practice because it allows copyrighted fonts to be freely distributed. The controversy can be mitigated by only embedding the characters required to view the document (subsetting). This reduces file size but prohibits adding previously unused characters to the document.
Because of the potential for copyright infringement, Microsoft Internet Explorer only permits embedded fonts that include digital rights management (DRM) protections. The Acid3 test requires font embedding with minimal DRM protections.
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Font embedding is the inclusion of font files inside an electronic document for display across different platforms. Font embedding is controversial because it allows licensed fonts to be freely distributed.
The device independent file format (DVI) is the output file format of the TeX typesetting program, designed by David R. Fuchs in 1979. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be human-readable; they consist of binary data describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific image format, display hardware or printer. DVI files are typically used as input to a second program (called a DVI driver) which translates DVI files to graphical data. For example, most TeX software packages include a program for previewing DVI files on a user's computer display; this program is a driver. Drivers are also used to convert from DVI to popular page description languages (e.g. PostScript, PDF) and for printing. TeX markup may be at least partially reverse-engineered from DVI files, although this process is unlikely to produce high-level constructs identical to those present in the original markup, especially if the original markup used high-level TeX extensions (e.g. LaTeX). DVI differs from PostScript and PDF in that it does not support any form of font embedding, instead merely referencing external font names. (Both PostScript and PDF formats can embed their fonts inside the documents.) For a DVI file to be printed or even properly previewed, the fonts it references must be already installed. Also, like the PDF document format, DVI uses a limited sort of “programming” language (in the case of DVI, “a machine-like language”), where termination guarantees that it is not a full, Turing-complete programming language like PostScript. As of 2004 there is a compilation of the specifications a DVI driver must implement by the "TUG DVI Driver Standards Committee". It seems to be based on a TUGboat article of the same name from 1992, but which is much shorter. These documents do not specify the endianness, which is however big endian, as can be seen looking into a DVI file itself.
PDF/A is an ISO-standardized version of the Portable Document Format (PDF) specialized for use in the archiving and long-term preservation of electronic documents. PDF/A differs from PDF by prohibiting features unsuitable for long-term archiving, such as font linking (as opposed to font embedding) and encryption. The ISO requirements for PDF/A file viewers include color management guidelines, support for embedded fonts, and a user interface for reading embedded annotations.
PDFsharp is an open source .NET library for processing PDF files. It is written in C#. The library can be used to create, render, print, split, merge, modify, and extract text and meta-data of PDF files. Features include images with transparency (color mask, monochrome mask, alpha mask), font embedding and subsetting, and graphical implementation based either on GDI+ or WPF.
Before the 1921 destruction of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, Black residents had created a remarkable center of business and community life. The district included stores, professional offices, entertainment venues and homes owned by Black citizens. Understanding Greenwood means learning what was built—not only what was burned.
MORE →Mae Jemison, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.